Diabetes Diabetes is a chronic condition in which the body has difficulty to regulate the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood. Glucose is the body's main source of energy, and the hormone insulin which is   produced by the pancreas, that helps to move glucose from the bloodstream into cells where it can be used to produce energy. When insulin is insufficient, or doesn't work properly in the blood, sugar levels in the blood  become too high (hyperglycemia). If it cannot be control  over a period of time it may lead to  damage many organs and tissues of the body. Types of Diabetes 1. Type 1 Diabetes An autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the insuli...

WHAT IS ASTHMA       Asthma is a disease of lungs. It may be termed as chronic respiratory disease. In case of asthma airway become narrow due to inflammation and breathing in difficulty occurs. Coughing,wheezing,shortness of breath and chest tightness are main asthma symptoms. It is also referred as bronchial asthma. With proper care and treatment asthmatic patient can live well. CLASSIFICATION OF ASTHMA       Asthma is classified in to followings according to the severity -- Mild intermittent asthma Mild persistent asthma moderate persistent asthma Severe persistent asthma SYMPTOMS OF ASTHMA    There are three main symptoms of asthma  -- AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION --      The airway is surrounded by band of muscles which are relaxed in normal condition and allow the air to pass through. In case of asthma band of muscles becomes tighten and air cannot move freely. Adequate amount of air cannot reach to the l...

     Pneumonia is a lung infection. When air sacs in lungs that is also called alveoli filled with fluid or pus. Through alveoli changing of gas  takes place. Due to filled with water or pus it is difficult to take breathe and sufficient oxygen does not reach in blood steam. Anyone can be infected with pneumonia but infants less than two years and and people above the age of 65 years are very prone to this infection. This is because of their immune system is not so strong that they can fight with an infection. In case of pneumonia one lung or both lungs may be infected. It is caused by virus,bacteria and fungi. Smoking and drinking can increase the chances of getting pneumonia. SYMPTOMS OF PNEUMONIA      Symptoms may vary depending on the severity and age. The followings symptoms may appear --- Having chest while breathing and coughing Cough with mucus Loss of appetite and fatigue Nausea,vomiting and diarrhoea Shortness of breath Fever,...

   Vertigo is a condition in which individual feels a sense of spinning dizziness. It may cause due to the problem in inner ear,brain or pathway of the sensory nerve. It can happen at any age but most people affected in old age. It can also be feel when a person looks down from a great height to downwards. SYMPTOMS OF VERTIGO     A person with vertigo will feel spinning dizziness. It is a symptoms but it may lead to other symptoms also  like -  Balancing problem  Nausea and vomiting  Ringing in the ear ( tinnitus )  Headaches  Feeling of fullness in the ear  Uncontrollably movement of eye usually from side to side CAUSES OF THE VERTIGO   Various condition can lead to vertigo which usually involves the problem with inner ear or problem with the central nervous system. The followings conditions may lead to vertigo - Labyrinthitis Vestibular Neuritis Cholesteatoma Meniere Disease Head injury Ear s...

        Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by bacteria known as Treponemia pallidum. Syphilis could be a challenging to diagnosed. Some individual may be a career without showing any symptoms for years .If it can be detected earlier then it would be better for the treatment. If it not treated for a long time,then it may cause major damage to important organs such as heart and brain. It is spread through direct contact. It cannot be transmitted by sharing the belongings of the infected person.   Syphilis infection has four stage ie primary,secondary,latent and tertiary.  CAUSES OF SYPHILIS      It is caused by bacteria Treponemia pallidum . It may be transmitted from one person to another during sexual activity. This infection can pass from a women to a fetus during pregnancy or an infant during delivery. This is called congenital syphilis. RISK FACTORS OF SYPHILIS    The sexually active people are a...

  UNDERSTANDING LEUKEMIA --            Blood has three types of cells- white blood cells which fight against infection,red blood cells which carry oxygen to tissues of various part of the body and platelets that help in clotting of blood.         Bone marrow generates billions of new blood cells every day,most of them are red cells. In case of leukemia body body makes more white cells than it required. These leukemia cells cannot fight against infection like normal white blood cell fight. Because of more in quantity of white blood cells they affect the function of the organ. Over a period of time there will be less red blood cells to supply oxygen, less in number of platelets to clot blood and less white blood cells to fight against infection. TYPES OF LEUKEMIA  --       Leukemia is divided into four main type--  Acute lymphocytic leukemia  Acute myelogenous leukemia  Chronic Ly...

     UNDERSTANDING INFLUENZA --             Influenza or flu is a respiratory illness which is very common during winter season. It affects the nose,throat and lungs  causing symptoms of cough,sore throat,body ache. The flu is caused by virus that spread very easily from one person to another. If an infected person comes in contact of healthy person while sneezing,coughing or touching the objects by the infected person and then touch their mouth,nose and eye.          There are four type of influenza virus ie influenza A,B,C and D. Type A and B are responsible for the flu epidemics in most part of the world in winter season. Type C influenza cause a mild respiratory illness  and does not turn in epidemics. Type D influenza mainly affect cattle,not humans. SYMPTOMS OF INFLUENZA B      The followings symptoms may appear in influenza B. Dry Cough Running Nose Sore Throat Mu...

            The influenza is also called flue. It is a respiratory infection caused by virus. It is a mild illness but it may become severe or even deadly for the people who are in old age,newborn babies and people with certain chronic disease. Million of people get sick with influenza each year. CAUSES OF INFLUENZA            The influenza is caused by flu viruses. It is a contagious disease. An infected person can spread to another person while coughing,sneezing or whiling taking, during these activities tiny droplets comes out from the mouth of infected person and if healthy person comes in contact he may inhale this tiny droplets and be infected.         A person may get flu by touching a surface or object on which flue virus is present and then touching their mouth,nose or eyes. SYMPTOMS OF THE INFLUENZA   The followings are the symptoms of the flu --  Fever  Sore thro...

WHAT IS INSOMNIA      Insomnia is a sleep disorder. Those who are suffering from insomnia they will have the followings symptoms  -- Difficulty in falling asleep Often waking during night sleep and not able to sleep easily again Waking up too early in the morning Feeling of tired after wake up  Insomnia is of two type. First is primary insomnia in this person may have sleep problem that are not caused by any health problem. Second type is secondary insomnia. In secondary insomnia individual may have this condition due to health problem like asthma,depression,arthritis,heartburn,pain etc. TREATMENT OF INSOMNIA     In case of insomnia doctor can advise the appropriate treatment. Sometimes interfere of behaviour may cause insomnia. By adopting lifestyle changes may improve the case which are as follows --    Avoid tea and coffee near bedtime.    Exercise should be avoided near bedtime.    Watchi...

 UNDERSTANDING JAUNDICE --             Jaundice is because of build up of bilirubin in the tissue of the body. There are millions of the red blood cells in the bloodstream of the body. The life span of the blood cells is about 120 days and then its broken down by cells in the body into various waste chemicals. Bilirubin is one of the chemicals that comes from the broken down red cells.       Bilirubin is carried out by the bloodstream to the liver. Bilirubin in the liver cells slightly alter the structure of the bilirubin and make it water soluble. This water soluble bilirubin is called conjugated bilirubin. The liver cells pass out the conjugated bilirubin into tiny tubes called bile ducts. The biliribun becomes part of bile. There is a network of bile ducts in the liver. They held together to form a larger common bile duct. Bile constantly drips down the tiny bile ducts ,into common bile duct and into the first part of the...

         Ketosis is a metabolic process. When body is not having enough glucose for energy,then it burns stored fat for energy. In result acid build up in the body called ketones. It is also caused by keogenic diet or keto diet which is very low in carbohydrates. Because of low carbohydrates intake body aims to burn fat to get energy,it results ketosis. It is commonly seen in people with diabetes. In diabetes cases body does not have enough insulin or body is not utilising insulin correctly.      SYMPTOM OF KETOSIS On a ketogenic diet body undergoes many biological changes like decreasing in insulin levels and increased fat breakdown. Because of this liver starts producing high number of ketones to maintain supply energy level.  There are some sign and symptoms of ketosis which are both positive and negative --- Bad breath Increased ketones in the blood Weight loss Increased ketones in urine Loss of appetite Short term fatig...

        Ketoacidosis is a serious complication of type 1 diabetes. Diabetic ketoacidosis occurs when blood sugar is very high and acidic substances called ketones build up to a dangerous level in the body. It only happens when body does not have enough insulin to process high level of glucose in the blood. SYMPTOMS OF DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS  The following symptoms may appear in case of diabetic ketoacidosis. Feeling of extreme thirst Frequent Urination High blood sugar level Presence of ketones in the urine in high level Fruity smelling breath Abdominal pain Nausea or vomiting etc Rapid breathing Dry mouth and skin It is a medical emergency patient is to shift immediately to nearest for better management. If it is not treated timely it may lead to coma or death. TREATMENT OF DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS     The treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis is based on to normalise the blood sugar and insulin levels. The treatment also includes...

    Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder which occurs when a person's breathing is interrupted during sleep. People having sleep apnea problem stop breathing repeatedly during their sleep. In this brain and rest of the body may not get enough oxygen.      TYPES OF SLEEP APNEA   Sleep apnea is of two type  --- Obstructive sleep apnea---    It is caused by blockage of the airway,usually this occurs when the soft tissue in the back of the throat collapse during sleep. Central sleep apnea  ---   In this type of sleep apnea brain fails to send the signal to muscles for breath. It is caused due to instability in the respiratory control center. SYMPTOMS OF THE SLEEP APNEA   The following symptoms appears in the sleep apnea--- Throat becomes dry while waking up. Loud snoring Sleepiness or lack of energy during day. Sometimes waking up with a choking or gasping sensation. Feeling of sleepy while driving. Restles...

         The lymphatic system that includes lymph nodes and lymph vessels helps the circulatory system by extracting excess fluids and protein from tissue back into the blood stream,hence preventing tissue swelling. Lymph system also serves as a defence system for the body,it filtering out organism which causes diseases. It also produces white blood cells and generate antibodies.        The biochemical make up of lymph ie the fluid present in lymphatic vessel varies according to the site and origin. For instances lymph from bone marrow,spleen and thymus have high concentration of white blood cells which fight against infection, while lymph from intestine has high in fat. Any damage to the lymphatic and circulatory system makes the body more prone  to sickness and infection and may lead to serious condition like cancer. LYMPH DISEASE        The lymphatic system may not work properly if nodes ,ducts,vessels o...

      Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder which affect the ability to wake up and sleep. People with narcolepsy have excessive and uncontrollable daytime sleepiness. They may suddenly fall asleep at any time. Narcolepsy is of two type ,in type 1 sudden loss of muscle tone which causes weakness and makes unable to control muscles. In type 2 narcolepsy this symptoms does not appear. SYMPTOMS OF NARCOLEPSY    The following symptoms may appear in narcolepsy --- Excessive daytime sleepiness Muscles becomes weak and unable to control it. Hallucination Sleep paralysis (individual may be unable to move or speak while falling asleep or waking up, this last for a few second to several minutes ) Disturbed sleep TREATMENT OF NARCOLEPSY There is no specific treatment for narcolepsy. But some measures may reduce the symptoms  -- Life style changes will help in reducing the symptoms of narcolepsy. It includes stopping the use of caffeine,alcohol...

          Neuropathy is damage or dysfunction of one or more nerves which typically result in numbness,tingling,muscle weakness and pain in the affected area. It frequently start in hands and feet,but it affects the other part of the body too. It is often called peripheral neuropathy. Peripheral nervous system is the network of nerves outside brain and spinal cord. Brain and spinal cord make up central nervous system,it acts as a central station. It is the control center from where all information comes and go. The peripheral nervous system are the tracts which connected to central station.      Neuropathy results when nerve cells called neurons ,are damage or destroyed. This disrupts the way of communication to other neurons and with the brain. Neuropathy can affect one nerve (  mononeuropathy) or nerve type,a combination of nerves in a limited area (multifocal neuropathy) or many peripferal nerves throughout the body is called polyneu...

       Osteoporosis is a condition in which related to bone. Inside the healthy bone has spaces inside them and density of healthy bone is good. In case of osteoporosis the the size of small spaces increased in result the bone becomes weak and loose their density. Apart from this the outside of the bone grows weaker and thinner.      Osteoporosis can occur in any age but more common it occurs in older age. The people who are suffering from osteoporosis are at high risk of fracture of bones. SYMPTOMS OF THE OSTEOPOROSIS    The early stage  of osteoporosis  don't cause any symptoms. In most cases people with osteoporosis are not aware of this condition until they have a fracture.  The following are the indicative symptoms which may appear--- Receding gums Weakened grip strength Weak and brittle nails    Since symptoms not appear clearly so in older age every one should go for bone density test which ...

UNDERSTANDING SEPSIS      Body's immune system works to fight against any bacteria,viruses,fungi or parasite to prevent the infection. Sometimes the immune system stop fighting the invaders and begins to turn on itself. This is the start of sepsis. It is also called septicemia. It is commonly caused by bacterial infection in the blood. CAUSES OF THE SEPSIS    Bacterial infections are the most common cause of sepsis. Any bodily infection like lungs,urinary tract and abdominal area are susceptible which can triggered the condition. Sepsis is possible in anyone with an infection that develop a complication. People who are at high risk are--- Whom immune system is weak Who is suffering from chronic illness such as diabetes,kidney disease or liver disease,AIDS and cancer Those who are suffering from severe wound and severe burns.  SYMPTOMS OF THE SEPSIS  The following symptoms may appear in case of sepsis-- Increased respiratory ...

         Swelling in the voice box which is also known as larynx causes laryngitis. This organ is situated in upper neck just beyond the back of throat. It becomes swollen due to infection like cold,flu and bronchitis etc.  SYMPTOMS OF LARYNGITIS      Laryngitis is associated with other disease like cold,flue and bronchitis. The following symptoms may appear ---   Sore throat   Mild fever   Difficulty in speaking   Hoarseness   Dry cough   Swollen gland TREATMENT OF LARYNGITIS   The voice rest is important for fast recovery.   Use of corticosteroids prescribed by the doctor.   Drink plenty of fluids.   Avoid alcohol and caffeine.   Warm saline gargle will be beneficial in reducing in swelling.

       Xenophobia actually means to fear or dislike other races,way of life,culture,and people not similar to one's own. Xenophobia translates to'' fear of strangers'. It include people being afraid and disapproving of gay people. SYMPTOMS OF XENOPHOBIA    Development of fear from the people which are not similar.   To become angry and volatile from the others because of culture.   Inability to trust or create relationship with others whish are different.   Feeling pleasure from the maltreatment of others who are different.   TREATMENT OF XENOPHOBIA     There is no medical treatment but by adopting some social steps which may help in reducing the problem of xenophobia. 1.  One should understand the others cultures and idea which will provide knowledge and individual will not be fear from others. 2.  Experiences through study, travelling to new things even which are not related to, having ...