RIGHT TO INFORMATION  (RTI)  INTRODUCTION In a democracy, citizens have an important role in understanding how the government works. People have the right to know how public money is spent, how decisions are made and how government departments perform their responsibilities. In India, one of the most important laws that supports this transparency is the Right to Information Act, 2005, commonly known as the RTI Ac t . The RTI Act gives eligible citizens a legal mechanism to seek information from public authorities. It aims to promote openness, accountability and responsible administration. Instead of depending only on rumours, advertisements or informal sources, citizens can use the RTI system to request information held by public authorities. RTI is therefore closely connected with democracy, good governance and citizen participation. ABOUT RTI  RTI stands for Right to Information. It refers to the legal right of citizens to obtain information from public authorities, su...

PRICE -TO EARNING (P/E) RATIO: MEANING ,FORMULA,IMPORTANCE AND USES  The Price-to-Earnings (P/E) Ratio is one of the most widely used financial ratios for analyzing shares and understanding how the stock market values a company’s earnings. Investors, analysts and financial professionals often use the P/E ratio to compare companies, study market valuations and understand how much investors are paying for each unit of a company’s earnings. Although the P/E ratio is simple to calculate, interpreting it requires an understanding of the company, its industry, growth prospects, profitability and broader market conditions. A high or low P/E ratio by itself does not automatically indicate whether a share is attractive or unattractive.                                                     WHAT IS PE RATIO ? The Price-to-Earnings Ratio , commonly called the P/...