Social Science Class - 8 History Chapter - 5

SOCIAL SCIENCE 

HISTORY CLASS - 8 

CHAPTER - 5 

WHEN PEOPLE REBEL

Question no. 1 

What was the demand of Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi that was refused by the British?

Answer no. 1

Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi demanded the company recognise her adopted son as the the heir of the kingdom after the death of her husband. But the British refused to accept her adopted son as heirs of Jhansi. Lord Dalhousie had introduced 'doctrine of lapse' according to this rule if an Indian ruler died without male heir his Kingdom would lapse and such Kingdom would be annexed with the British Empire. The company was confident of its superiority and military power, turn down her demand.

Question no. 2

What did the British do to protect the interests of those who converted to Christianity?

Answer no. 2

After 1830, the company allowed Christian Missionaries to function freely in its domain and even own land property. In 1850 a new law was passed to make conversion to Christianity easier. this law allowed and Indian who had converted to Christianity to inherit the property of his ancestor. Many Indian begin to feel that British were destroying their religion, their social custom and their traditional way of life.

Question no. 3

What objection did the sepoys have to the the new cartridges that they were asked to use?

Answer no. 3

The new cartridges were suspected of being coated with the fat of cows and pigs. Before loading the cartridge in the Rifles a sepoy  had to fight it to open the wrapper. This affected the religious sentiments of the Hindu and Muslim. Hence the sepoy  refused to use these new cartridge. They felt that British  were  trying to insult their religious belief. Eighty five sepoy were dismissed from service and sentence to 10 years in jail for disobeying  their officers.

Question no. 4

How did the last mughal emperor live the last years of his life ?

Answer no. 4 

The company regained the  control of the country. It re captured Delhi from the Rebel forces in September 1857. The last Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar was tried in court and sentenced to life imprisonment. His sons were shot dead. He was sent to prison with his wife in October 1858 where he died in November 1862.Thus ,
the last years of his life was very pathetic and tragic.

Question no. 5

What could be the reasons for the confidence of the British rulers about their position in India before May 1857 ?

Answer no. 5

The thought that the Indian soldiers are faithful to them and they are loyal to company. They were in confident that kings and zamindar  are their supporter.  Before the revolt of 1857, they have got victory in many wars and suppressed many revolts  successfully. Hence they were confident of their military strength.

Question no. 6

What impact did Bahadur Shah Zafar's support to the rebellions have on the people and the rulering families ?

Answer no. 6 

The British had not expected the vast revolt. They thought the problem caused by the issue of the cartridge would die down. But Bahadur Shah Zafar's decision to bless the rebellion changed the entire situation. When people see an alternative possibility of leader they feel inspired and enthused. It gives them the courage, hope and confidence to act. The people of towns and villages also rose up in rebellion and rallied around the local leaders, zamindar and chiefs who were prepared to establish their authority and fight the British. The ruling family is also joined the Rebel sepoy and fought the British with all their might.

Question no. 7

How did the British succeed in securing the submission of the rebel landowners of Awadh ?

Answer no. 7

Just victory against the British had earlier in encouraged rebellion, the defeat of Rebel forces encourage desertion. The British also tried their best to win back the loyalty of the people. They announced a reward for land holder would be allowed to continue to enjoy traditional right over their lands.

     Those who had rebelled were told that if they submitted to British, and if they had not killed any white people, they would remain safe  and their rights and claim to land  would not be denied.

Question no. 8

In what ways did the British change their policies as a result of the rebellion in 1857?

 Answer no. 8

The British had arrogant control of the country by the end of 1859 polyester they decided that they could not carry on rolling the land with the same policies list of British change their policies and make it flexible. The following are the important changes they were made by number .

1. The British Parliament passed a new act in 1958 and transfer the power of the East India Company to the British Crown in order to ensure a more on school management of Indian affairs.

2. All ruling chiefs of the country were assured that their territory  would never be annexed  in future. They were allowed to transfer their Kingdom to their heirs, including their adopted son. However, they were made to acknowledge the British Queen as their Sovereign Paramount.

3. They decided that the proportion of Indian soldier in the army would be reduced and the number of European soldier would be increased. It was also decided that instead of recruiting soldiers from Avadh, Bihar, Central India and South India, more soldiers would be recruited from among the the Gurkhas,Sikh and Pathan.

4. The land and the property of Muslim was confiscate  on a large scale. The British believe that they were responsible for the rebellion in a big way.

5. The British decided to respect the customary religious and social  practices of the people in India.

6. Policies were made to protect landlords and zamindars and give them security of right over the lands.

ALSO SEE SOLUTIONS OF :

GEOGRAPHY CHAPTERS -

Resources
Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation And Wildlife

CIVICS CHAPTERS -

The Indian Constitution
Understanding Secularisms

HISTORY CHAPTERS -

How, When And Where
From Trade To Territory Company Establishes Power
Ruling The Countryside
Tribal, Dikus And The Vision Of Golden Age
When People Rebel

SOCIAL SCIENCE CLASS - 8

HISTORY CHAPTER - 4

TRIBAL, DIKUS AND THE VISION OF

A GOLDEN AGE

Question no. 1

Fill in the blanks:

(a) The British described the tribal people as …………………

(b) The method of sowing seeds in jhum cultivation is known as ……………..

(c) The tribal chiefs got …………. titles in central India under the British land settlements.

(d) Tribals went to work in the of Assam and the ……………… in Bihar.

Answer no. 1

(a) savage

(b) broadcast

(c) land

(d) tea plantation, coal mines

Question no. 2

State whether true or false:

(a) Jhum cultivators plough the land and sow seeds.

(b) Cocoons were bought from the Santhals and sold by the traders at five times the purchase price.

(c) Birsa urged his followers to purify themselves, give up drinking liquor and stop believing in witchcraft and sorcery.

(d) The British wanted to preserve the tribal way of life.

Answer no. 2

(a) False

(b) True

(c) True

(d) False

Question no. 3

What problems did shifting cultivators face under British rule?

Answer no. 3

The life of shifting cultivators was directly connected to the forest. When the
British brought changes in forest laws, the life of shifting cultivators was badly affected. The British extended their control over all forests and declared that forests were state property. Some forests were classified as reserved forests for they produced timber which the British wanted. In these resevered  forests people were not allowed to move freely and practise jhum cultivations. Because of these restriction many jhum cultivators had to move to other areas in search of work.

Question no. 4

How did the powers of tribal chiefs change under colonial rule?

Answer no. 4

Before the colonial rule the tribal chiefs were important people. They enjoyed a certain amount of economic power and had the right to administer and controle their their territories. Under the British rule the function and power of these tribal cheifs changed to a large extend, such as :

(a) Before colonial rule they were allowed to keep their land titles over a cluster of villages and and rent out lands, but under colonial rule they lost much of their administrative power and forced to follow rules made by British officials. 

(b)Under colonial rule they had to pay tributes to the British and discipline the tribal group on behalf of British.

(c)Under the colonial rule they lost the authority they had earlier enjoyed among their people and were unable to fulfil their traditional function.

Question no. 5

What accounts for the anger of the tribals against the dikus?

Answer no. 5

The tribals wanted to drive out the dikus such as missionaries, moneylenders, Hindu

landlords, and the government because they saw them as the cause of their misery. The following were reason for their anger against the dikus:

(i) The land policies of the British were destroying their traditional land system.

(ii) Hindu landlords and moneylenders were taking over their land.

(iii) Missionaries were criticising their traditional culture.

Question no. 6

What was Birsa’s vision of a golden age? Why do you think such a vision appealed region?

Answer no. 6

      Birsa was deeply influenced by many of the ideas he came in touch within his

growing-up years. The aim of his movement was reform the tribal society. He urged the Munda to give up drinking liquor, clean their village, and stop believing in witchcraft and sorcery. He often remembered the golden past of the Mundas, when they lived a good life, constructed embankments, tapped natural springs, planted trees and orchards, practised cultivation to earn their living. They did not kill their brethren and relatives. They lived honestly, Birsa was trying to restore this glorious past. Withs uch a vision he appealed to the people of the region because they were very much eager to lead a free life. They were furious with the colonial forest laws and the restrictions that were imposed on them.

ALSO SEE SOLUTIONS OF :

GEOGRAPHY CHAPTERS -

Resources
Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation And Wildlife

CIVICS CHAPTERS -

The Indian Constitution
Understanding Secularisms

HISTORY CHAPTERS -

How, When And Where
From Trade To Territory Company Establishes Power
Ruling The Countryside
Tribal, Dikus And The Vision Of Golden Age
When People Rebel

SOCIAL SCIENCE

HISTORY CLASS - 8

CHAPTER - 3

RULING THE COUNTRYSIDE

Question no. 1

Match the following :

ryot      village

mahal  peasant

nij         cultivation of ryot land

ryoti     cultivation on planter's own land

Answer no. 1

ryot - peasant

mahal - village

nij - cultivation on planter's own land

ryoti - cultivation of ryots lands

Question no. 2

(a) Growers of woad in Europe saw …………… as a crop which would provide competition to their earnings.

(b) The demand for indigo increased in late eighteenth century Britain because of …………..

(c) The international demand for indigo was affected by the discovery of ………………

(d) The Champaran movement was against ………….

Answer no. 2

(a) Indian indigo

(b) industrialisation

(c) synthetic dyes

(d) indigo planters

Question no. 3

Describe the main features of Settlement.

Answer no. 3

The company introduced the Permanent settlement act in 1793. According to this act the 'rajas' and 'taluqdar's' were recognised as zamindar by company. Zamindars responsibility was to to collect rent from the peasant and pay revenue to the company. The amount to be paid as revenue was fixed permanently by the company, to encourage zamindar to increase agricultural production and still pay the same revenue to the company. Since the revenue demand of the state would not be increased, the zamindars would benefit from increased production from the land.

Question no. 4

How was the Mahalwari System different from the permanent settlement?

Answer no. 4

In the mahalwari system the revenue to be paid to the company was to be periodically revised as per the prevailing conditions while in the permanent settlement system the revenue was fixed to be paid and collected by the zamindar. The change of collecting the revenue and paying it to the company was given to the village headman.

Question no. 5

Give two problems which arose with the new Munro system of fixing revenue.

Answer no. 5

The desire to increase the income from land, revenue officials fixed too high a revenue demand. Peasant were unable to pay, ryots fled the countryside, and villages became deserted in many regions. Officials had imagined that the new system would transform the peasant into rich enterprises farmers. But this did not happen.

Question no. 6

Why were ryots reluctant to grow indigo?

Answer no. 6

The ryots were reluctant to grow indigo because the price they got for the indigo which they produce was very low. The planters insisted to peasant that indigo be cultivated on the best soil in which they wanted to cultivate rice. Indigo planter had deep roots, it exhausted the soil fertility and land becomes unit for rice cultivation.

Question no. 7

What were the circumstances which led to the eventual collapse of indigo

production in Bengal?

Answer no. 7

The Indigo system was intensely oppressive. Peasant rebelled against being forced to grow indigo plants. The blue rebellion broke out in March 1859, which was the beginning of the collapse of indigo production in Bengal.

               Peasant refused to pay rent to the planters. They attacked the indigo factories with weapons and their women folk attacked with pots and pans. The agents of the planters were beaten and farmers who worked were socially boycotted.
              The price of indigo which peasant got was very low and planters insisted to cultivate indigo on best fertile soil on which they want to cultivate rice. 

Question no. 8

 Find out more about the Champaran movement and Mahatma Gandhi’s role in it.

Answer no. 8

After Blue rebellion, indigo production was collapsed in Bengal. So the planters shifted their operation to Bihar with the discovery of synthetic dyes in the late nineteenth century their business was surely affected, but yet they managed to expand production. When Mahatma Gandhi was returned from South Africa, a peasant from Bihar persuaded him to visit to Champaran and see the plight of the indigo cultivation there. Mahatma Gandhi visited in 1917 and it was marked the beginning of the Champaran movement against the indigo planters. The district officials ordered him to leave Champaran but he refused to comply the order and started the set up a commission to examine the activities of the plantation owneres in which Gandhiji was also kept as a member.

ALSO SEE SOLUTIONS OF :

GEOGRAPHY CHAPTERS -

Resources
Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation And Wildlife

CIVICS CHAPTERS -

The Indian Constitution
Understanding Secularisms

HISTORY CHAPTERS -

How, When And Where
From Trade To Territory Company Establishes Power
Ruling The Countryside
Tribal, Dikus And The Vision Of Golden Age
When People Rebel

SOCIAL SCIENCE CLASS - 8

HISTORY

CHAPTER - 2

FROM TRADE TO TERRITORY

THE COMPANY ESTABLISHES POWER

Question no. 1

Match the followings :

Diwani                      Tipu Sultan

Tiger of Mysore      Right to collect land revenue

Faujdari Adalat       Sepoy

Rani Channamma  Criminal court

Sipahi                        Let an anti - British movement

                                   in Kitoor

Answer no. 1

Diwani - Right to collect land revenue

Tiger of Mysore - Tipu Sultan

Faujdari Adalat - Criminal court

Rani Channamma - Led an anti - British movement

Sipahi - Sepoy

Question no. 2

Fill in the blanks :

(a) The British conquest of Bengal began with the Battle of …………

(b) Haider All and Tipu Sultan were the rulers of …………..

(c) Dalhousie implemented the Doctrine of ……………

(d) Maratha kingdoms were located mainly in the part of …………… India.

Answer no. 2

(a)  Plassey
(b)  Mysore
(c)  Lapes

(d)  South western

Question no. 3

State whether true or false :
(a) The Mughal empire became stronger in the eighteenth century.
(b) The English East India Company was the only European company that traded with India.
(c) Maharaja Ranjit Singh was the ruler of Punjab.
(d) The British did not introduce administrative changes in the territories they conquered.

Answer no. 3

(a) False
(b) False
(c) True
(d) False

Question no. 4

What attracted European trading companies to India ?

Answer no. 4

The fine qualities of cotton and silk produced in India and pepper, clove, cardamon, cinnamon had a big market for Europe.

Question no. 5

What were the areas of conflict between the Bengal nawabs and the East India Company ?

Answer no. 5

The following were the areas of conflict between the Bengal nawabs and the East India Company :
1. The Bengal nawabs asserted their power and autonomy and refused to grant the company concessions.
2. They demanded large tributes for the company's right to trade.
3. They denied the company any right to mint coins.
4.  They stopped the company from extending its fortification.
5. Accusing the company of deceit, they claimed that the company was depriving the Bengal government of huge amount of revenue and undermining the authority of nawab.
6. They refuse to pay taxes, writing disrespectful letters, and trying to humiliate the nawab and his his official.

Question no. 6

How did the assumption of Diwani benefit the East India Company ?

Answer no. 6

The mugal emperor in 1765, appointed the company's the Diwani of the provinces of Bengal. The Diwani allowed the company to use the vast revenue resources of Bengal. This  solved a major problem that the company had earlier faced. The trade with India expanded and the company had to buy most of the goods in India with gold and silver imported from Britain. The outflow of gold from Britain slowed after the battle of Plassey and entirely stopped after the assumption of Diwani.

Question no. 7

Explain the system of 'subsidiary alliance'

Answer no. 7

Subsidiary alliance
Under the system of 'subsidiary alliance' Indian rules were not allowed to have their independent armed forces. They were to be protected by company, but they had to pay for the subsidiary forces that the company was supposed to maintain for the purpose of this protection. If the Indian rules failed to make the payment, the part of their territory was taken away by company as penalty. the states which had to lose their territories on this ground were Awadh and Hyderabad.

Question no. 8

In what way was the administration of the Company different from Indian rules?

Answer no. 8

The administration of the Company was different from Indian rules in the following ways -

1.  The company divided its administration unites called presidencies. There were three presidencies - Bengal, Madras and Bombay. In India, districts were the main administration units.
2.  Each presidencies was ruled by a Governor. Districts were ruled by the collectors.
3. The supreme head of the administration of the company was the Governor General. But in India, the head of the administration was the king.
4.  The main job of the Governor - General was to introduce administration reforms while the main job of collector was to collect the revenue and taxes and maintaining law and order in their respective district.

Question no. 9

Describe the changes that occurred in the composition of the Company's army.

Answer no. 9

Several changes occurred in the composition of the company's army such as :

1. Due to the expansion of the company it began recruitment for its own army, which is known as the sepoy army.
2. As the warfare technology changed from 1820s the cavalry recruitment of the company's army declined.
3. The soldiers of the company's army had to keep pace with changing military requirements and its infantry regiments became more important.
4. In the early nineteenth century the British began to develop a uniform military culture. Soldiers were increasingly subjected to Europe style training, drill and discipline that regulated their life for more than before.

ALSO SEE SOLUTIONS OF :

GEOGRAPHY CHAPTERS -

Resources
Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation And Wildlife

CIVICS CHAPTERS -

The Indian Constitution
Understanding Secularisms

HISTORY CHAPTERS -

How, When And Where
From Trade To Territory Company Establishes Power
Ruling The Countryside
Tribal, Dikus And The Vision Of Golden Age
When People Rebel

SOCIAL SCIENCE CLASS - 8

HISTORY PART - 1

CHAPTER - 1

HOW, WHEN AND WHERE

Question no. 1

State true or false :

(a) James Mill divided Indian history into three periods - Hindu, Muslim, Christian.

(b) Official documents help us understand what the people of the country think.

(c) The British thought surveys were administration.

Answer no. 1

(a)True

(b)False

(c)True

Question no. 2

What is the problem with the periodisation of Indian history that James Mill offers?

Answer no. 2

James Mill divided Indian history into three parts i.e. Hindu, Muslim and Christian periods. Mill though that all Asian societies were at lower level of civilisation than Europe and India was not capable of progress without British help. Dividing the history in Hindu, Muslim and Christian shows that he characterise an age only through the religion of the ruler of that time, it suggest that the lives and practises of the other do not really mature which is not justified. 

In this book Mill suggested that the British should conquer all the territories in India to ensure the enlightenment and happiness of the Indian people but fact was under British rule people did not have freedom, equality or liberty. Nor the period one of economic growth and progress which contrast the the Mill's concept.

Question no. 3

Why did the British preserve documents?

Answer no. 3

British preserve official documents, because this thought if they write and record everything, it will be later easier for them to debate and reach on a conclusion for effective administration. They kept official record of what they thought was right, so that in future, those record can serve as true of all the decisions that they has taken.

Question no. 4

How will the information historians get from old newspapers be different from that found in police report.

Answer no. 4

For writing about any period in history, a historian required to gather information from different sources so that they can get a clear picture of the the life and culture of that period. The Official Document provide the picture of the people who work in power. A police report in one such Official Document. Archive people report helps the historians to better understanding about the police, its function and it relation with the people who were policed. But these are official documents relating to a particular official function hence they are limited in sense. Therefore for getting a wider and balance view of a period of history, A historian goes across unofficial records relating to that period such as diaries of people, account of pilgrims and travellers, autobiography of important personalities popular booklet, newspaper etc. Online the restricted nature of Official Document like police record, record of newspaper have the providing very is information to the historians.

ALSO SEE SOLUTIONS OF :

GEOGRAPHY CHAPTERS -

Resources
Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation And Wildlife

CIVICS CHAPTERS -

The Indian Constitution
Understanding Secularisms

HISTORY CHAPTERS -

How, When And Where
From Trade To Territory Company Establishes Power
Ruling The Countryside
Tribal, Dikus And The Vision Of Golden Age
When People Rebel

SOCIAL SCIENCE CLASS 8

CIVICS

CHAPTER 2

UNDERSTANDING SECULARISM

EXERCISES

Question no. 1

List the different types of religious practices that you find in your neighbourhood. This could be different forms of prayer, worship of different gods, sacred sites, different kinds of religious music and singing etc. Does this indicate freedom of religious practices?

Answer no. 1

The different kinds of religious practices in my locality are Hindu, Muslim, Sikh, Christan and Buddhist. All the religious groups are praying God in according to their beliefs. There are temples, mosque, churches and gurudwara in my locality.

          The different types of religious practices found in my neighbourhood strongly indicate freedom of religious practices.

Question no. 2

Will the government intervene if some religious group says that their religion allows them to practise infanticide? Give reasons for your answer.

Answer no. 2

The government definitely intervene if some religious group says that their religion allow them to practice infanticide. Because in a democratic country it goes against the fundamental right of citizen. It would be a social evil that discriminate and violates the ˋˋFundamental Rightˋˋ of citizen.

Question no. 3    

Complete the following table.

Objective       Why it is important       Examples of a violation of
                                                                   the objective
One religious
community does
not dominant another
________________________
The state does not
enforce any particular
religion nor take away
the religious freedom
of the individual
________________________
That some members
do not dominant other
members of the same
religious community

Answer no. 3

Objective            Why is this important?                                                                                                                                                                    Example of a  violation
                                                                                of this objective
One religious        It is important for             A Hindu religious procession
community does  maintaining healthy        is not allowed to cross along
not dominate         relationship in the          the road passing through
another.                  society. It is also               a mosque
                                  important to protect
                                  the Fundamental Right
                                  to freedom of religion.

The State does              It is important so that         In India people who
not enforce any            every individual in a           belongs to different
particular                      country has the right           religion and cast are
religion nor take          to follow the religion         reside. In Saudi Arabia
away the religious        of their wish. This 
freedom of the religious  make the nation
freedom of individuals.  secular country.

That some members     Religion cannot be             Distinguishing between
 do not dominate           divided on the basis          uppercast Hindu and the
other members of the  of wealth and creed           dalits.Untouchability was the
same religious                                                               example of it, now it is eradicated.
community.

Question no. 4 

Look up the annual calendar of holiday of your school. How many of them pertain to different religions ? What does this indicate?

Answer no. 4   

The annual calendar of school marks holiday such as Eid,which is celebrated by Muslim,Diwali is celebrated by Hindu,Christmas which is celebrated by christians and Gurunanak Jayanti which is celebrated by Sikh. This indicates that India is a secular country and every individual has the right to religious freedom.

Question no. 5 

Find out some examples of different views within the same religion.

Answer no. 5

    The different views within the same religion are as follows -

1. Hindu worship different idols of Gods and Goddesses.
2. Muslims are divided into shia and sunni.
3. Buddhist followers are divided into Mahayan and Hinayan.

Question no. 6

The Indian state both keeps away from religion as well as intervenes in religion. This idea can be quite confusing. Discuss this once again in class using examples from the chapter as well as those that you might come up with.

Answer no. 6

The Indian state keeps away from religion as well as intervenes in religion. Because if a person with a majority religion group gets the state power,they may use the power to discriminate and even persecute the minority religious people. It can be understood in case of untouchability. If state power was handed over. It would have been difficult to eradicate from Indian society.

ALSO SEE SOLUTIONS OF :

GEOGRAPHY CHAPTERS -

Resources
Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation And Wildlife

CIVICS CHAPTERS -

The Indian Constitution
Understanding Secularisms

HISTORY CHAPTERS -

How, When And Where
From Trade To Territory Company Establishes Power
Ruling The Countryside
Tribal, Dikus And The Vision Of Golden Age
When People Rebel

SOCIAL SCIENCE CLASS - 8

SOCIAL AND POLITICAL LIFE - III

THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION

EXERCISES

Question no. 1

1. Why does a democratic country need a Constitution?

Answer no. 1

There are various season by a democratic country need a constitution.
1. Constitution tells us fundamental nature of the society.
2. Constitution define the nature of country political system.
3. Constitution lay down rules that guard against the misuse of authority by political leaders.
4. Constitution guarantees the right to equality to all person and states that no citizen can be discriminated against on the ground of religion, race, caste, gender and place of birth.

5. Constitution plays in a democracy is to ensure that a dominant group does not use its power against less powerful people or group.
6. Constitution usually contains rule that ensure that minorities are not excluded from anything that is only available to the majority.

Question no. 2

2. Look at the wordings of the two documents given below.

The first column is from the 1990 Nepal Constitution. The

second column is from the more recent interim Constitution of Nepal.

1990 Constitution of Nepal        2007Interim Constitution

Part 7: Executive                          Part 5: Executive

Article 35: Executive Power:     Article 37: Executive

The executive power of the       power: the executive 

Kingdom of Nepal shall be         power of Nepal shall be 

vested in His Majesty and the   vested in the council of 

Council of Ministers.                   Minister.

What is the difference in who exercises 'Executive Power' in

the above two Constitutions of Nepal? Keeping this in mind,

why do you think Nepal needs a new Constitution today?

Answer no. 2

According to the 1990 constitution, the excluded power it shared by the king and the Council of Ministers. But according to 2007 Interim constitution, the executive power has become sole right if the council of ministers. Nepal has been undergoing transition from a monarchy to a democracy. Many changes in the government system needs to be adopted in order to usher in a new society. For this, the country needs a basic framework of rules and regulation in the form of constitution.

Question no. 3

3. What would happen if there were no restrictions on the power of elected representatives?

Answer no. 3

In democracy, we choose our leaders so that they exercise power responsibility on our behalf. However there is always the possibility that these leader might misuse their authority, but constitution provide safeguard against this. If there will be no restriction on the powers of elected representative they can misuse of authority which can result in growth of injustice among people.

Question no. 4

4. In each of the following situations, identify the minority.
Write one reason why you think it is important to respect
the views of the minority in each of these situations.
(a) In a school with 30 teachers, 20 of them are male.
(b) In a city, 5 per cent of the population are Buddhists.
(c) In a factory mess for all employees, 80 per cent are
vegetarians.
(d) In a class of 50 students, 40 belong to more well-off
families.

Answer no. 4

Here 10 female teachers are are in minority. This teacher view is important for the mood function and improvement of the school photo there you should be considered.
Minority are 5% Buddhist full stop there you should be respected. Because of minority with different religious believe they should not be ignored. Any decision should be taken keeping in mind the religious feeling of the Buddhist population.
 Hair 20% non vegetarian are in minority. It is important while preparing food it should be kept in mind that food should be prepared for the both non vegetarian and vegetarian.
10 student which do not belong to well of family are in minority hair. It is important to keep their view point in mind, because they may not be able to you contribute to various expenses required by the school.

Question no. 5

5. The column on the left lists some of the key features of
the Indian Constitution. In the other column write two sentences, in your own words, on why you think this feature is important:

Key Feature                                      Significance
Federalism
Separation of Powers
Fundamental Rights
Parliamentary Form of
Government

Answer no. 5

Key feature                                 significance

Federalism : There is a vast number of                                                                                                            communities in India so a
                      system of government needed
                      to be devised that not involve
                     only person sitting in capital of
                     New Delhi. Instead it is important
                     to have another level of government
                     in the state so that decision could
                     be made for that particular area.
                     The Panchayati Raj is responsible
                     for governing the village.

Separation of power : There are three organs of the
                                       state that is the legislature, the                                                                                                 executive and the Judiciary. The                                                                                               constitution state that these
                                       organ should exercise different
                                       power in order to prevent misuse of their                                                                             power.

Fundamental right : Fundamental rights give certain                                                                                                 guarantee to the the citizens.

Parliamentary form : People of India have a direct roll in
of government           electing their representatives. These
                                      representatives works in the government
                                      on behalf of people who elected them.

ALSO SEE SOLUTIONS OF :

GEOGRAPHY CHAPTERS -

Resources
Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation And Wildlife

CIVICS CHAPTERS -

The Indian Constitution
Understanding Secularisms

HISTORY CHAPTERS -

How, When And Where
From Trade To Territory Company Establishes Power
Ruling The Countryside
Tribal, Dikus And The Vision Of Golden Age
When People Rebel

SOCIAL SCIENCE CLASS - 8 GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER - 1

SOCIAL SCIENCE CLASS - 8

CHAPTER - 1

RESOURCES

EXERCISES

Question number 1

Answer the following questions

(a) Why are resources distributed unequally over the Earth?

(b) what is resource conservation?

(c) Why are human resources important?

(d) What is sustainable development?

Answer number 1

(a) The distribution of natural resources depends upon physical factor such as terrain, climate and altitude. The distribution of resources is unequal because these factor differ so much over the Earth.

(b) using resources judiciously and carefully and giving them time to get renewed is called resource conversation.

(c) human resource can utilise the natural resources in best weight to generate more resources applying their knowledge, skill and Technology.

(d) wisely and carefully utilising the available resources so that after the fulfillment of requirement of present, it could be available for future generation. This is called sustainable development.

Question number 2

Tick the correct answer

(i) Which one of the following does not make substance a resource

 (a) utility              (b) value           (c) quantity

(ii) Which one of the following is human made resource?

(a) Medicines to treat cancer

(b) Spring water

(c)Tropical forest

(iii) Complete the sentence.

Biotic resources are

(a) Derived from living things

(b) Made by human beings

(c) Derived from non living things

Answer number 2

(i) - (c) Quantity

(ii) - (a) Medicine to treat cancer

(iii) - (a)Derived from living things

Question number 3

Differentiate between the followings.

(a)Potential and actual resources

(b)Ubiquitous and localised ˋ

Answer number 3

(a) Actual resources 

In actual resources quantity of resource is known.

Able to utilise of resource in present.

The present level of Technology is capable to utilise it.

Potential resource

Important shall resource quantity of resource is not known.

Not being used at present, but could be used in future.

 The present level of Technology is not advanced enough to utilise it.

(b) ubiquitous resources

It is IR source which is found everywhere

Example air, water, soil etc

Localised resources

 It is a resource which is found only in certain places

ALSO SEE SOLUTIONS OF :

GEOGRAPHY CHAPTERS -

Resources
Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation And Wildlife

CIVICS CHAPTERS -

The Indian Constitution
Understanding Secularisms

HISTORY CHAPTERS -

How, When And Where
From Trade To Territory Company Establishes Power
Ruling The Countryside
Tribal, Dikus And The Vision Of Golden Age
When People Rebel