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CLASS 8 SCIENCE

CROP PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT

EXERCISES

QUESTION NO. 1


1. Select the correct word from the following list and fill in the blanks.
    float, water, crop, nutrients, preparation

(a) The same kind of plant grown and cultivated on a large scale at a place is called _____________
(b) The first step before growing crops is ____________ of soil.
(c) Damaged seeds would ___________ on the to of water.
(d) For growing a crop, sufficient sunlight and _____________ and ______________ from the soil essential.

ANSWER NO. 1

(a) crop
(b) preparation
(c) float
(d) water, nutrients

QUESTION NO. 2

2. Match items in column A with those in column B
                 A                                             B
(i)Kharif crops                      (a)Food for cattle
(ii)Rabi crops                        (b)Urea and super phosphate
(iii)Chemical fertilisers     (c) Animal excreta, cow dung
                                                 urine and plant waste
(iv)Organic manure            (d)Wheat, gram, pea
                                                 (e)Paddy and maize

ANSWER NO. 2

(i)Kharif crops                  -  (e)Paddy and maize
(ii)Rabi crops                     -  (d)Wheat, gram, pea
(iii)Chemical fertilisers  -  (b)Urea and super
                                                   phosphate
(iv)Organic manure        -  (c)Animal excreta,
                                               cow dung, urine 
                                                and plant waste

QUESTION NO. 3

3. Give two examples of each.
(a) Kharif crop
(b) Rabi crop

ANSWER NO. 3

(a) Kharif crop - Paddy and maize
(b) Rabi crop - Wheat and gram

QUESTION NO. 4

4. Write a paragraph in your own words on each of the following.
(a)  Preparation of soil               (b)  Sowing
(c)  Weeding                                 (d)  Threshing

 ANSWER NO. 4

 (a) Preparation of soil :-  The preparation of soil is the first and important step before growing a crop. In this process the soil is to turn and loosen. It is necessary for the root penetration into the soil.
The loosen soil allows the roots to breathe easily while they go deep into the soil. Further the loosened soil helps in the growth of earthworms and microbes present in the soil. These organisms further turn and loosen the soil and add humus to it.

 (b) Sowing :-  Sowing is the most important part of crop production. Good quality seeds are selected for sowing. Good quality seeds are clean and healthy seeds of a good variety chosen. Sowing is done by ether traditional methods or by using equipments seed drill.

 (c) Weeding :-  The removal of undesirable plants which are grown along with the crop is called weeding. Weeding is important because weeds compete with the crop plants for water, nutrients, space and light. Hence they affect the growth of the crop. Some type of weeds interfere even in harvesting and may be poisonous for animals and human beings.

 (d) Threshing :-  Threshing is a process in which chaff is separated from the crop. It is done by a machine which is called combine in. It is a combination of harvester and thresher.
                   Separation of grain and chaff is also done by winnowing in which blow of wind is used.

 QUESTION NO. 5

 5. Explain how fertilisers are different from manure.

 ANSWER NO. 5

 There are so many difference between fertilisers and manure which are as follows.

                         Fertilisers
.A fertilisers is an inorganic salt.
.Fertilisers are prepared in factories.
.A fertiliser does not provide any humus to soil.
.Fertilisers are very rich in plant nutrients such as
nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. 

                       Manure
.Manure is a natural substance obtained by the 
decomposition of cattle dung, plant residues and
human waste.
.Manure can be prepared in the fields.
.Manure provides a lot of humus to the soil.
.Manure is comparatively less rich in plant nutrients.

QUESTION NO. 6


6.What is irrigation? Describe two methods of irrigation which conserve water.

ANSWER NO. 6


Irrigation 
The supply of water to crops at different intervals is called irrigation. The interval of irrigation depends upon type of crop, soil and season.
                    The conserving method of irrigation are :
(a) Drip Irrigation
In this method, the water falls drop by drop at the position of the roots. Because of water drop at roots only it is called drip method. In this method water provides to drop by drop hence water is not wasted at all. It is a boon in regions where there is  scarcity of water.
 (b) Sprinkling Method
This system is useful on the uneven land where sufficient water is not available. In this system perpendicular pipes having rotating nozzles on top, are joined to the main pipeline at regular intervals. When water is allowed to flow through the main pipe under pressure with the help of a pump, water flows forcefully from the rotating nozzles. It gets sprinkled on the crop resembling like raining. This method is very useful for sandy soil.

QUESTION NO. 7

If wheat is sown in the kharif season, what would happen? Discuss

ANSWER NO. 7


Kharif season normally covers June to October. If in this season wheat is sown, then there is a chance that wheat crop will be destroyed. The factors of destroying the crops will be lack of favourable temperature, adaptability of crop in this season and availability of pests etc. Kharif season covers the rainy season, which is not suitable for the wheat crop. Hence wheat crop should not be sown during kharif season.

QUESTION NO. 8

Explain how soil get affected by the continuous plantation of crop in a field

ANSWER NO. 8


Due to continuous plantation of crop in a field soil becomes poor in certain nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium etc. When a farmer continues to grow crops one after the others, then the nutrients available in the soil are continuously utilised by the crops and the production of crops decreases automatically.

QUESTION NO. 9

What are weeds? How can we control them?

ANSWER NO. 9


Weeds are unwanted plants which grows with the crops. these weeds utilise the soil nutrients hence the optimum required of nutrients from crops is not fulfilled. Hence weeds are very harmful. Weeds re controlled by following methods.
  • Tilling before sowing of crop.
  • By using of weedicides.
  • Manual removing of weeds with khurpi.

QUESTION NO. 10


Arrange the following boxes in proper order to make a flow chart of sugarcane crop production.

Sending crop to           Irrigation           Sowing
sugar factory

Harvesting       Preparation of             Manuring
                                soil   
                   
                         Ploughing the field

ANSWER NO. 10

  1. Preparation of soil.
  2. Ploughing the field.
  3. Sowing.
  4. Irrigation.
  5. Manuring.
  6. Harvesting.
  7. Sending crop to sugar factory.

QUESTION NO. 11


Complete the following word puzzle with the help of clues given below.

                 Down
Providing water to the crops.
Keeping crop grains for a long time under proper conditions
Certain plants of the same kind grown on a large scale

              Across
A machine used for cutting the mature crop
A rabi crop that is also one of the pulses
A process of separating the grain from chaff

ANSWER NO. 11


         Down
  1. Irrigation
  2. Storage
  3. Crop
         Across
      4. Harvesting
      5. Gram
      6.Winnowing






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