ENGLISH (NCERT )CLASS - 6

POEM - 3

( THE QUARREL)

WORKING WITH THE POEM

QUESTION 1. 

With your partner try to guess the meaning of the underlined phrases.
(i)And somehow we fell out.
(ii)The afternoon turned black.

ANSWER

(i) Fell out - Started quarreling
(ii) Turned black - Night came

QUESTION 2. 

Read these lines from the poem:
(i)One thing led to another
(ii)The start of it was slight
(iii)The end of it was strong
(iv)The afternoon turned black
(v)Thumped me on the back
Discuss with your partner what these lines means.

ANSWER

(i)  One reason led to another reason for quarrel.
(ii) The quarrel begins on smell issue.
(iii) The end turned into a big fight.
(iv) Afternoon passed and night came but then fight continues.
(v) The quarrel came to an end.

ENGLISH (NCERT )CLASS - 6

POEM - 1 

( A HOUSE, A HOME)

QUESTION 1.

Do you agree with what the poet says? Talk to your partner
and complete these sentences.
(i) A house is made of —————————————————––——— .
(ii) It has ————————————————————————————— .
(iii) A home is made by —————————————————––——— .
(iv) It has —————————————––——————————————— .

ANSWER

(i) A house is made of bricks, stone,cement, hardwood, window glass, and a yard.
(ii) It has eves, tile floors, roof, chimney, stucco and a lot of doors.
(iii) A home is made by family members.
(iv) It has members who understand each other. They love and care for one another selflessly.

QUESTION 2.

Now complete these sentences about your house and home.
(i) My house is —————————————————––———————
—————————————————––——————————————.
(ii) The best thing about my home is ————————————––——
—————————————————––——————————————.

ANSWER

(i) My house is made of bricks, cement, hardwood, window glass, etc.
(ii) The best thing about my home is that all the members are very loving and caring. There are no disputes  or quarrels among us.

ENGLISH (NCERT )CLASS - 6CHAPTER - 2 ( HOW THE DOG FOUND HIMSELF A NEW MASTER)

WORKING WITH THE TEXT

QUESTION A.

Discuss these questions in pairs before you
write the answers.

QUESTION 1.

 Why did the dog feel the need for a master?
(1, 2)

ANSWER 

The dog felt the need for a master because he was not happy with his way of life.
He was sick and tired of wandering about himself looking for food. He was frightened of those who were stronger than him. So he decided to become servant of one was stronger than anyone on earth.

QUESTION 2.

 Who did he first choose as his master?
Why did he leave that master? (3)

ANSWER

The dog chose a big, strong and fierce wolf as his master. While walking suddenly wolf lifted his nose, sniffed, darted quickly off the path into bushes and crept deeper into the forest. The dog realised that the wolf was afraid of the bear. So he changed the master.

QUESTION 3.

 Who did he choose next? (3)

ANSWER

He chose the bear to be his next master.

QUESTION 4.

 Why did he serve the Lion for a long time? (4)

ANSWER

He served the lion for a long time, because with lion he spent good life and he had nothing to complain about. Lion was the powerful and stronger than the rest of the animal in forest. Hence the dog lived happily by serving the lion for a long time.

QUESTION 5.

 Who did he finally choose as his master
and why? (9, 10)

ANSWER 

Dog finally chose man as his master. One day two of there were walking, lion suddenly stopped, gave a great roar struck the ground angrily with his paw. He backed away quietly as he had smelt a man coming that way. 
       The dog realised that lion was afraid of man. So he chose man as his master.

QUESTION B.

 A summary of the story is given below. Fill in
the blanks to complete it taking appropriate
phrases from the box.
a dog stronger than anyone else
the strongest of all a wolf the bear
afraid of man his own master a lion
This is the story of — –––––— — — — — — — — — –, who used to be———————————— . He decided to find a master —–––––––———————. First he found ———————————— , but the wolf was afraid of –––————––———————. The dog thought that the bear was —————————————
. After some time the dog met ————————————— , who seemed the strongest. He stayed with the lion for a long time. One day he realised that
the lion was ———————––—————— . To this day, the dog remains man’s best friend.

ANSWER

A dog, his own master, stronger than anyone else, a wolf , the bear, the strongest of all, a lion, afraid of man.

WORKING WITH LANGUAGE

A. Each word in the box given below indicates a large number of…
For example,‘a herd of cows’ refers to many cows.
Complete each of the following phrases with a suitable word
from the box.
school fleet brood bundle bunch pack flock herd
1. a —————––—— of ships                     2. a ——————––— of flowers                      3. a __________________ of chicks                  4. a __________________ of cattle     
5. a ———––———— of sticks                     6. a ——––————— of sheep
7. a —––—————— of fish                        8. a ––——————— of wolves

ANSWER

1. Fleet
2. Bunch
3. Brood 
4. Herd
5. Bundle
6. Flock 
7. School
8. Pack

QUESTION B.

 Make nouns from the words given below by adding –ness or –
ity. (For some words we need to add just –ty, or –y.)

1. honest——           7.creative—
2. kind —                 8.sincere——
3. cruel—                 9.cheerful—
4. calm—                  10. bitter——
5. sad——                 11. sensitive——
6. active—                12. great ———

ANSWER 

1. Honestly
2. Kindness
3. Cruelty
4. Calmness
5. Sadness
6. Activity
7. Creativity
8. Sincerity
9. Cheerfulness
10. Bitterness
11. Sensitivity
12. Greatness

QUESTION C.

 Word search
•There are twelve words hidden in this table.
•Six can be found horizontally and the remaining six vertically.
•All of them are describing words like ‘good’, ‘happy’, etc.
•The first letters of the words are given below:
Horizontal: H R F F S G
Vertical: A W S F L Q

ANSWER

VERTICAL

1. angry
2. worse
3. surprised
4. free
5. loyal
6. quiet

HORIZONTAL

1. hasty
2. ready
3. fierce
4. frightened
5. strong
6. good

 QUESTION D.

Read the following passage and do the exercises that follow.
Then complete the family tree of dogs given on the facing page.
The Dog Family
The dog family is one of the 11 families that make up the Carnivores,
a large group of intelligent, flesh-eating, backboned animals. In this
group are such varied animals as bears, pandas, raccoons, cats,
hyenas, and even seal. The dog or canine family has many wild
species like wolves, foxes, coyotes, jackals, and wild dogs.
The dog is the only domesticated member of the canine family
though now and then someone tames a wolf, fox or coyote as a pet.
All members of the dog family are descendants of a wolf-like animal
which lived about 15 million years ago. From this distant ancestor,
the true dogs gradually developed. But nobody knows the exact
ancestor of the modern domestic dog.
Several wild dogs look and behave like domestic dogs. The dingo
or wild dog of Australia is one of these. It is possible that the dingo
was a tamed dog brought to Australia long ago which then ran wild.
Dogs were the first animals tamed by humans — perhaps 20,000
years ago. Tamed dogs were brought from Asia to the New World
5,000 or more years ago. Dogs were first used for hunting.

QUESTION 1. 

Find the opposites of these words in the text above.
(i) ancestor — — — — — — — — — —
(ii) wild t — m —
(iii) ancient — — — — — —
(iv) near d — — — — — t
(v) suddenly gr — — — — — — —

ANSWER 

(i) descendants
(ii) tame
(iii) modern
(iv) distant
(v) gradually

QUESTION 2. 

Complete the following sentences.
(i) The dingo is
———————————————————–—————
.
(ii) Dogs were the ———————————————————animals
tamed by humans. The other animals tamed by humans
are
——————————————————————————————
(Think and name some other such animals.)
(iii) The New World refers to ———————————–––————— .
Dogs were brought there from —————————–————— .

ANSWER

(i) The wild dog of Australia, which looks and behave like a domestic dog.
(ii) First, wolf, fox, and coyote.
(iii) The non - Eurasian non - African parts of the earth specially the Americas and Australia, Asia

     

                                       

SOCIAL SCIENCE CLASS 8

CIVICS

CHAPTER 2

UNDERSTANDING SECULARISM

EXERCISES

Question no. 1

List the different types of religious practices that you find in your neighbourhood. This could be different forms of prayer, worship of different gods, sacred sites, different kinds of religious music and singing etc. Does this indicate freedom of religious practices?

Answer no. 1

The different kinds of religious practices in my locality are Hindu, Muslim, Sikh, Christan and Buddhist. All the religious groups are praying God in according to their beliefs. There are temples, mosque, churches and gurudwara in my locality.

          The different types of religious practices found in my neighbourhood strongly indicate freedom of religious practices.

Question no. 2

Will the government intervene if some religious group says that their religion allows them to practise infanticide? Give reasons for your answer.

Answer no. 2

The government definitely intervene if some religious group says that their religion allow them to practice infanticide. Because in a democratic country it goes against the fundamental right of citizen. It would be a social evil that discriminate and violates the ˋˋFundamental Rightˋˋ of citizen.

Question no. 3    

Complete the following table.

Objective       Why it is important       Examples of a violation of
                                                                   the objective
One religious
community does
not dominant another
________________________
The state does not
enforce any particular
religion nor take away
the religious freedom
of the individual
________________________
That some members
do not dominant other
members of the same
religious community

Answer no. 3

Objective            Why is this important?                                                                                                                                                                    Example of a  violation
                                                                                of this objective
One religious        It is important for             A Hindu religious procession
community does  maintaining healthy        is not allowed to cross along
not dominate         relationship in the          the road passing through
another.                  society. It is also               a mosque
                                  important to protect
                                  the Fundamental Right
                                  to freedom of religion.

The State does              It is important so that         In India people who
not enforce any            every individual in a           belongs to different
particular                      country has the right           religion and cast are
religion nor take          to follow the religion         reside. In Saudi Arabia
away the religious        of their wish. This 
freedom of the religious  make the nation
freedom of individuals.  secular country.

That some members     Religion cannot be             Distinguishing between
 do not dominate           divided on the basis          uppercast Hindu and the
other members of the  of wealth and creed           dalits.Untouchability was the
same religious                                                               example of it, now it is eradicated.
community.

Question no. 4 

Look up the annual calendar of holiday of your school. How many of them pertain to different religions ? What does this indicate?

Answer no. 4   

The annual calendar of school marks holiday such as Eid,which is celebrated by Muslim,Diwali is celebrated by Hindu,Christmas which is celebrated by christians and Gurunanak Jayanti which is celebrated by Sikh. This indicates that India is a secular country and every individual has the right to religious freedom.

Question no. 5 

Find out some examples of different views within the same religion.

Answer no. 5

    The different views within the same religion are as follows -

1. Hindu worship different idols of Gods and Goddesses.
2. Muslims are divided into shia and sunni.
3. Buddhist followers are divided into Mahayan and Hinayan.

Question no. 6

The Indian state both keeps away from religion as well as intervenes in religion. This idea can be quite confusing. Discuss this once again in class using examples from the chapter as well as those that you might come up with.

Answer no. 6

The Indian state keeps away from religion as well as intervenes in religion. Because if a person with a majority religion group gets the state power,they may use the power to discriminate and even persecute the minority religious people. It can be understood in case of untouchability. If state power was handed over. It would have been difficult to eradicate from Indian society.

ALSO SEE SOLUTIONS OF :

GEOGRAPHY CHAPTERS -

Resources
Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation And Wildlife

CIVICS CHAPTERS -

The Indian Constitution
Understanding Secularisms

HISTORY CHAPTERS -

How, When And Where
From Trade To Territory Company Establishes Power
Ruling The Countryside
Tribal, Dikus And The Vision Of Golden Age
When People Rebel

ENGLISH (NCERT )CLASS - 6CHAPTER - 3 ( TARO'S  REWARD)

WORKING WITH THE TEXT

QUESTION A. 

Answer the following questions.

QUESTION 1. 

Why did Taro run in the direction of the stream? (5)

ANSWER

Taro ran in the direction of the stream because earlier he had never heard or seen a rushing stream in the forest. He was thirsty also.

QUESTION 2. 

How did Taro’s father show his happiness after drinking saké?(7)

ANSWER

After swallowing saké Taro's father show his happiness by doing a little dance in the middle of the floor.

QUESTION 3. 

Why did the waterfall give Taro saké and others water? (12)

ANSWER

The waterfall gave saké to Taro because he was a thoughtful son who obeyed and honoured his parents always, and worked very hard to give them everything they needed while others were greedy.

  QUESTION 4. 

Why did the villagers want to drown Taro? (10, 11)

ANSWER

The villagers want to drown Taro because they thought that he had tricked them by telling that stream gives saké.

QUESTION 5. 

Why did the Emperor reward Taro? (13)

ANSWER 

The emperor rewarded Taro for his behaviour as he obeyed and honoured his parents. This was done to encourage all the children to honour and obey their parents.

QUESTION B. 

Mark the right item.

QUESTION 1. 

Taro earned very little money because
(i)he didn’t work hard enough.
(ii)the villagers didn’t need wood.
(iii)the price of wood was very low.

ANSWER

(iii)the price of wood was very low.

QUESTION 2. 

Taro decided to earn extra money
(i)to live a more comfortable life.
(ii)to buy his old father some saké.
(iii)to repair the cracks in the hut.

ANSWER

(ii)to buy his old father some saké.

QUESTION 3. 

The neighbour left Taro’s hut in a hurry because
(i) she was delighted with the drink.
(ii) she was astonished to hear Taro’s story.
(iii) she wanted to tell the whole village about the waterfall.

ANSWER

(iii) she wanted to tell the whole village about the waterfall.

WORKING WITH LANGUAGE

QUESTION A. 

Strike off the words in the box below that are not suitable. Taro wanted to give his old parents everything they needed.
This shows that he was …
           thoughtful              hardworking                        loving                      honest
            considerate           trustworthy                         efficient                    kind

ANSWER

• Thoughtful
• Loving
• Considerate
• Kind

QUESTION B. 

QUESTION 1. 

“This made Taro sadder than ever.” ‘This’ refers to
(i) a strong wind that began to blow.
(ii) Taro’s father’s old age.
(iii) Taro’s inability to buy expensive saké for his father.
(Mark the right item.)

ANSWER

(iii) Taro’s inability to buy expensive saké for his father.

QUESTION 2. 

“This, said the emperor, was to encourage all children to honour and obey their parents.”
‘This’ refers to
(i)the most beautiful fountain in the city.
(ii)rewarding Taro with gold and giving the fountain his name.
(iii)sending for Taro to hear his story.
(Mark the right item.)

ANSWER

(ii)rewarding Taro with gold and giving the fountain his name.

QUESTION C. 

Arrange the words below in pairs that rhyme.
Example: young–lung
money –sunny
             young              sad              money          chop              lung           last
               wax             could              bad              sound            axe            wood
               way               stop             sunny              fast              round          day

ANSWER

Young - Lung
Sad - Bad
Money - Sunny
Chop - Stop
Last - Fast
Wax - Axe
Could - Would
Sound - Round
Way - Day

QUESTION D. 

QUESTION 1. 

Fill in the blanks with words from the box.
lonely little hard young
thoughtful delicious beautiful
A — — — — — —–— woodcutter lived on a — — — — — —–— hillside. He
was a — — — — — —–——— son who worked — — — — — — – — —— but earned
— — — — — —–——— money. One day he saw a — — — — — —–———
waterfall hidden behind a rock. He tasted the water and found it — — — — — —–———.

ANSWER

Young, lonely, thoughtful, hard, little, beautiful, delicious

QUESTION 2. 

Find these sentences in the story and fill in the blanks.
(i)This made Taro — — — — — —–—— — than ever. (3)
(ii)He decided to work — — — — — —–—— — than before. (3)
(iii)Next morning, Taro jumped out of bed — — — — — —–—— — than
usual.(4)
(iv)He began to chop even — — — — — —–—— — . (4)
(v)Next morning, Taro started for work even — — — — — —–—— — than the morning before. (10)

ANSWER

(i) Sadder
(ii) Harder
(iii) Earlier
(iv) Faster
(v) Earlier  

DICTATION

QUESTION 1. 

Your teacher will speak the words given below. Write against
each two new words that rhyme with it.
1. bed —–———–—————               –———–————
2. wax —–———–————                  —–———–————
3. fast —–———–————                   —–———–————
4. chop  —–———–—————–          ———–————
5. young —–———–————               —–———–————

ANSWER

1. Fed , Red
2. Fax , Axe
3. Last , Vast
4. Crop , Drop
5. Hung , lung

ENGLISH (NCERT )CLASS - 6POEM - 2 ( THE KITE )

WORKING WITH THE POEM

QUESTION 1. 

List out the action words in the poem.
dive, dip, snaps, ——————, ——————, ———————,
——————, ——————
Find out the meanings of these words.

ANSWER

Soars, rides, climbs, pulls,falls, run, blows, flaps.

QUESTION 2. 

Read these lines from the poem:
Then soars like a ship
With only a sail
The movement of the tailless kite is compared to a ship with a
sail. This is called a simile. Can you suggest what or who the
following actions may be compared to?
He runs like —————————————––———
He eats like ——————————————–—–—
She sings like ————————————––——–—
It shines like ————————————–––———
It flies like ——————————————––———–

ANSWER

1. Snail / leopard
2. Horse / monster
3. Canary / nightingale
4. Diamond
5. Birds

WHAT IS LEUKEMIA

  UNDERSTANDING LEUKEMIA --

           Blood has three types of cells- white blood cells which fight against infection,red blood cells which carry oxygen to tissues of various part of the body and platelets that help in clotting of blood.

        Bone marrow generates billions of new blood cells every day,most of them are red cells. In case of leukemia body body makes more white cells than it required. These leukemia cells cannot fight against infection like normal white blood cell fight. Because of more in quantity of white blood cells they affect the function of the organ. Over a period of time there will be less red blood cells to supply oxygen, less in number of platelets to clot blood and less white blood cells to fight against infection.

TYPES OF LEUKEMIA  --

      Leukemia is divided into four main type--

1.  Acute lymphocytic leukemia
2.  Acute myelogenous leukemia
3.  Chronic Lymphocytic leukemia
4. Chronic Myelogenous leukemia

SYMPTOMS OF LEUKEMIA --

      Different type of leukemia may have different symptoms. These symptoms may not appear in the early stage. The following symptoms may appear ---

• Weakness or fatigue
• Pain in bones and joints
• Headache
• Vomiting
• Weight Loss
• Night Sweats 
• Infections become serious, recurrent infection
• Fever or chills
• Seizures
• Swollen lymph nodes

TREATMENT OF LEUKEMIA --

    Treatment is done on the basis of leukemia individual has. Treatment is also depends on the severity of the case. The followings are the option of the treatment--

• Chemotherapy
• Biologic therapy
• Targeted therapy
• Radiation
• Stem cell transplant
• Surgery 

WHAT IS LYMPH

    ABOUT LYMPH  -

        Lymph is a clear white fluid consist of white blood cells ,especially lymphocytes. These cells attack bacteria and acts as a defence system of the body. Fluid from the intestine called chyle, that contains protein and facts.

     Lymph nodes are soft,small,round or bean shaped usually cannot be seen or felt. In case of any infection it becomes swollen and easily felt and seen. They are located in clusters in different parts of the body like neck,armpit,in groin area,inside center of the chest and abdomen.

   Lymph nodes make immune cells which helps the body to fight against infection. They filter the lymph fluid and remove foreign material bacteria. when bacteria are present in the lymph cells,the lymph nodes makes more infection fighting white blood cells. Due to this lymph nodes becomes swollen. In case of infection swollen lymph nodes are felt in the neck,armpit,and groin area. 

   

ENGLISH (NCERT )CLASS - 6CHAPTER - 1 ( WHO DID PATRICK'S HOMEWORK)

WORKING WITH THE TEXT

Answer the following questions. (Refer to that part of the text whose
number is given against the question. This applies to the
comprehension questions throughout the book.)

 QUESTION  1.

What did Patrick think his cat was playing with?
What was it really? (2)

ANSWER 

Patrick thought that his cat was playing with a doll. But actually his cat was playing with a tiny man who was much like a witch.

QUESTION 2.

 Why did the little man grant Patrick a wish? (2)

ANSWER

The little man granted Patrick's whish because he wanted to save himself from cat with the help of Patrick.

QUESTION 3.

 What was Patrick’s wish? (3)

ANSWER

Patrick wanted that his all homework should be done by the elf till the end of the semester, that's 35 days.

QUESTION 4.

 In what subjects did the little man need help, to do Patrick’s
homework? (5,6)

ANSWER

While doing homework, the little man needed help in English, Math and Human History.

QUESTION 5.

 How did Patrick help him? (7)

ANSWER

Patrick worked harder than ever and without felt weary he was staying up at nights.

QUESTION 6.

 Who do you think did Patrick’s homework — the little man, or
Patrick himself? Give

ANSWER 

Patrick did his homework himself. Since the little man did not know anything in English, Maths and human history. Patrick helped him in all the subject to look up words in dictionary, guide him in maths and help him to read too. Patrick stayed up at night and work hard. He had never felt so weary and even he went to school with his eyes puffed and bleary. As a result all of this, he secured A in his work. All efforts done by Patrick shows that he had done homework himself.

WORKING WITH THE LANGUAGE

QUESTION A.

 Fill in the blanks in the sentences below with the words or
phrases from the box. (You may not know the meaning of all the
words. Look such words up in a dictionary, or ask your teacher.)
out of luck mystery true to his word chores
semester between you and me look up

1. Some people find household
————————————— a
bore, but I like to help at home.

2. Who stole the diamond is still a————————————— .

3. This ————————————— we are going to have a class exhibition.

4.—————————————, the elf began to help Patrick.

5. Can you ————————————— this word in the dictionary?

6. I started early to be on time, but I was ———————————.
There was a traffic jam!

7. She says she’s got a lot of books, but ———————————— I think most of them are borrowed.

ANSWER 

1. Chores
2. Mystery
3. Semester
4. True to his word
5. Look up 
6. Out of luck
7. Between you and me

QUESTION B.

 Use the clues given below to complete this crossword puzzle.

ACROSS

1. very tired
2. had an angry look on the face
3. short trousers
4. a fault in a machine that prevents it from working properly
5. a small and naughty boy-fairy

DOWN

6. work that must be done everyday, often boring
7. a basket with a lid
8. gave a short, high-pitched cry

ANSWER

ACROSS

1. Weary
2. Scowled
3. Breeches
4. Glitch
5. Elf

DOWN

1. Hamper
2. Chores
3. Shrieked.

WHAT IS INFLUENZA B

     UNDERSTANDING INFLUENZA --    

        Influenza or flu is a respiratory illness which is very common during winter season. It affects the nose,throat and lungs  causing symptoms of cough,sore throat,body ache. The flu is caused by virus that spread very easily from one person to another. If an infected person comes in contact of healthy person while sneezing,coughing or touching the objects by the infected person and then touch their mouth,nose and eye. 

        There are four type of influenza virus ie influenza A,B,C and D. Type A and B are responsible for the flu epidemics in most part of the world in winter season. Type C influenza cause a mild respiratory illness  and does not turn in epidemics. Type D influenza mainly affect cattle,not humans.

SYMPTOMS OF INFLUENZA B

     The followings symptoms may appear in influenza B.

• Dry Cough
• Running Nose
• Sore Throat
• Muscles ache
• Headache
• Body ache
• Fever

 DIFFERENCE OF INFLUENZA B FROM INFLUENZA A AND C

    Influenza B is milder than influenza A. Influenza A can be moderate to severe flu symptoms across all age of group and in animals while as influenza B affects only humans. Apart from this influenza B affects more to children than adults.

TREATMENT OF INFLUENZA

   Most of the cases of influenza cured with taking some precaution such as --

• Isolation 
• Avoid contact with other people
• Drinking plenty of water

  Some cases which becomes severe required asymptomatic treatment with the help of antiviral drugs by doctors.

 

 

WHAT IS INFLUENZA

            The influenza is also called flue. It is a respiratory infection caused by virus. It is a mild illness but it may become severe or even deadly for the people who are in old age,newborn babies and people with certain chronic disease. Million of people get sick with influenza each year.

CAUSES OF INFLUENZA

           The influenza is caused by flu viruses. It is a contagious disease. An infected person can spread to another person while coughing,sneezing or whiling taking, during these activities tiny droplets comes out from the mouth of infected person and if healthy person comes in contact he may inhale this tiny droplets and be infected.

        A person may get flu by touching a surface or object on which flue virus is present and then touching their mouth,nose or eyes.

SYMPTOMS OF THE INFLUENZA

  The followings are the symptoms of the flu --

•  Fever
•  Sore throat
•  Cough
•  Running nose
•  Muscles ache or body ache
•  Fatigue
•  Headache 

  The flu may be severe in the following cases --    

•      Old age people
•      Pregnant women
•      Children

     People suffering with chronic disease like asthma,diabetes,hypertension,and heart disease.

TREATMENT OF INFLUENZA

    Most of the people recover without any medical treatment. The precaution is taken and the infected person should be isolated so he cannot infected others. In severe cases treatment is required. Treatment is done with antiviral medicines by the doctors. Treatment should be done in supervision of doctor.

PREVENTION OF INFLUENZA

     For prevention flu vaccine should be taken every year. By adopting healthy habits it can be prevented like while coughing mouth should be covered,using of mask of infected person so he may not spread to others,washing of hands frequently.

 

  

WHAT IS INSOMNIA

WHAT IS INSOMNIA 

    Insomnia is a sleep disorder. Those who are suffering from insomnia they will have the followings symptoms  --

• Difficulty in falling asleep
• Often waking during night sleep and not able to sleep easily again
• Waking up too early in the morning
• Feeling of tired after wake up

 Insomnia is of two type. First is primary insomnia in this person may have sleep problem that are not caused by any health problem. Second type is secondary insomnia. In secondary insomnia individual may have this condition due to health problem like asthma,depression,arthritis,heartburn,pain etc.

TREATMENT OF INSOMNIA 

   In case of insomnia doctor can advise the appropriate treatment. Sometimes interfere of behaviour may cause insomnia. By adopting lifestyle changes may improve the case which are as follows --

   Avoid tea and coffee near bedtime.

   Exercise should be avoided near bedtime.

   Watching TV or using mobile while going to bed should be avoided.

  If insomnia is caused by psychological or medical disorder,appropriate treatment should be taken under supervision of the doctor. 

WHAT IS JAUNDICE

 UNDERSTANDING JAUNDICE --   

         Jaundice is because of build up of bilirubin in the tissue of the body. There are millions of the red blood cells in the bloodstream of the body. The life span of the blood cells is about 120 days and then its broken down by cells in the body into various waste chemicals. Bilirubin is one of the chemicals that comes from the broken down red cells.

      Bilirubin is carried out by the bloodstream to the liver. Bilirubin in the liver cells slightly alter the structure of the bilirubin and make it water soluble. This water soluble bilirubin is called conjugated bilirubin. The liver cells pass out the conjugated bilirubin into tiny tubes called bile ducts. The biliribun becomes part of bile. There is a network of bile ducts in the liver. They held together to form a larger common bile duct. Bile constantly drips down the tiny bile ducts ,into common bile duct and into the first part of the gut  ( small intestine  ).

     The gall bladder lies under the liver. It is a pouch off the common bile duct,which stores bile. The gallbladder squeezes when we eat and stored bile goes back into common bile duct and out into the duodenum. Jaundice is a condition in which abnormal amount of buildup in the blood.

SYMPTOMS OF JAUNDICE

   The first symptoms is appear is the whites of the eye tissue becomes yellowish in case of jaundice. If the bilirubin is mild high then eye may be only part of the body which appear yellowish colour. In case of higher level of bilirubin the skin also becomes yellow.

 The other associated symptoms may also appear ---

• Feeling of excessive tiredness
• Abdominal pain
• Weight loss
• Pale stool 
• Dark urine
• Itching
• Nausea etc

TESTS WHICH DETECT THE JAUNDICE

  Jaundice is normally detect by the blood and urine test --

 Liver function test
 Complete blood cell count
  Electrolyte 
 Urine test

 TREATMENT OF JAUNDICE

    Jaundice normally does not require treatment in adults,but it may severe problem in infants. The cause and complication arise due to jaundice can be treated. Some of the complication which may arise due to jaundice are  --

 

    Anaemia  ---  It is treated by intake of iron supplements or eating more iron-rich  foods.

   Hepatitis  --   Hepatitis induced jaundice requires antiviral or steroid medication.

   

     If the jaundice is caused by use of medication,treatment is done through an alternative method.

    Jaundice is a liver problem. It is important that people should maintain the health of the vital organ by eating a balanced diet,regular exercise is to be done and alcohol consumption should be reduced. 

  

  

WHAT IS KETOSIS

         Ketosis is a metabolic process. When body is not having enough glucose for energy,then it burns stored fat for energy. In result acid build up in the body called ketones. It is also caused by keogenic diet or keto diet which is very low in carbohydrates. Because of low carbohydrates intake body aims to burn fat to get energy,it results ketosis. It is commonly seen in people with diabetes. In diabetes cases body does not have enough insulin or body is not utilising insulin correctly. 

    SYMPTOM OF KETOSIS

On a ketogenic diet body undergoes many biological changes like decreasing in insulin levels and increased fat breakdown. Because of this liver starts producing high number of ketones to maintain supply energy level.  There are some sign and symptoms of ketosis which are both positive and negative ---

• Bad breath
• Increased ketones in the blood
• Weight loss
• Increased ketones in urine
• Loss of appetite
• Short term fatigue
• Constipation and diarrhoea are common side effect in the beginning.
• Insomnia 

SOCIAL SCIENCE CLASS - 8

SOCIAL AND POLITICAL LIFE - III

THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION

EXERCISES

Question no. 1

1. Why does a democratic country need a Constitution?

Answer no. 1

There are various season by a democratic country need a constitution.
1. Constitution tells us fundamental nature of the society.
2. Constitution define the nature of country political system.
3. Constitution lay down rules that guard against the misuse of authority by political leaders.
4. Constitution guarantees the right to equality to all person and states that no citizen can be discriminated against on the ground of religion, race, caste, gender and place of birth.

5. Constitution plays in a democracy is to ensure that a dominant group does not use its power against less powerful people or group.
6. Constitution usually contains rule that ensure that minorities are not excluded from anything that is only available to the majority.

Question no. 2

2. Look at the wordings of the two documents given below.

The first column is from the 1990 Nepal Constitution. The

second column is from the more recent interim Constitution of Nepal.

1990 Constitution of Nepal        2007Interim Constitution

Part 7: Executive                          Part 5: Executive

Article 35: Executive Power:     Article 37: Executive

The executive power of the       power: the executive 

Kingdom of Nepal shall be         power of Nepal shall be 

vested in His Majesty and the   vested in the council of 

Council of Ministers.                   Minister.

What is the difference in who exercises 'Executive Power' in

the above two Constitutions of Nepal? Keeping this in mind,

why do you think Nepal needs a new Constitution today?

Answer no. 2

According to the 1990 constitution, the excluded power it shared by the king and the Council of Ministers. But according to 2007 Interim constitution, the executive power has become sole right if the council of ministers. Nepal has been undergoing transition from a monarchy to a democracy. Many changes in the government system needs to be adopted in order to usher in a new society. For this, the country needs a basic framework of rules and regulation in the form of constitution.

Question no. 3

3. What would happen if there were no restrictions on the power of elected representatives?

Answer no. 3

In democracy, we choose our leaders so that they exercise power responsibility on our behalf. However there is always the possibility that these leader might misuse their authority, but constitution provide safeguard against this. If there will be no restriction on the powers of elected representative they can misuse of authority which can result in growth of injustice among people.

Question no. 4

4. In each of the following situations, identify the minority.
Write one reason why you think it is important to respect
the views of the minority in each of these situations.
(a) In a school with 30 teachers, 20 of them are male.
(b) In a city, 5 per cent of the population are Buddhists.
(c) In a factory mess for all employees, 80 per cent are
vegetarians.
(d) In a class of 50 students, 40 belong to more well-off
families.

Answer no. 4

Here 10 female teachers are are in minority. This teacher view is important for the mood function and improvement of the school photo there you should be considered.
Minority are 5% Buddhist full stop there you should be respected. Because of minority with different religious believe they should not be ignored. Any decision should be taken keeping in mind the religious feeling of the Buddhist population.
 Hair 20% non vegetarian are in minority. It is important while preparing food it should be kept in mind that food should be prepared for the both non vegetarian and vegetarian.
10 student which do not belong to well of family are in minority hair. It is important to keep their view point in mind, because they may not be able to you contribute to various expenses required by the school.

Question no. 5

5. The column on the left lists some of the key features of
the Indian Constitution. In the other column write two sentences, in your own words, on why you think this feature is important:

Key Feature                                      Significance
Federalism
Separation of Powers
Fundamental Rights
Parliamentary Form of
Government

Answer no. 5

Key feature                                 significance

Federalism : There is a vast number of                                                                                                            communities in India so a
                      system of government needed
                      to be devised that not involve
                     only person sitting in capital of
                     New Delhi. Instead it is important
                     to have another level of government
                     in the state so that decision could
                     be made for that particular area.
                     The Panchayati Raj is responsible
                     for governing the village.

Separation of power : There are three organs of the
                                       state that is the legislature, the                                                                                                 executive and the Judiciary. The                                                                                               constitution state that these
                                       organ should exercise different
                                       power in order to prevent misuse of their                                                                             power.

Fundamental right : Fundamental rights give certain                                                                                                 guarantee to the the citizens.

Parliamentary form : People of India have a direct roll in
of government           electing their representatives. These
                                      representatives works in the government
                                      on behalf of people who elected them.

ALSO SEE SOLUTIONS OF :

GEOGRAPHY CHAPTERS -

Resources
Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation And Wildlife

CIVICS CHAPTERS -

The Indian Constitution
Understanding Secularisms

HISTORY CHAPTERS -

How, When And Where
From Trade To Territory Company Establishes Power
Ruling The Countryside
Tribal, Dikus And The Vision Of Golden Age
When People Rebel

WHAT IS KETOACIDOSIS

        Ketoacidosis is a serious complication of type 1 diabetes. Diabetic ketoacidosis occurs when blood sugar is very high and acidic substances called ketones build up to a dangerous level in the body. It only happens when body does not have enough insulin to process high level of glucose in the blood.

SYMPTOMS OF DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS

 The following symptoms may appear in case of diabetic ketoacidosis.

• Feeling of extreme thirst
• Frequent Urination
• High blood sugar level
• Presence of ketones in the urine in high level
• Fruity smelling breath
• Abdominal pain
• Nausea or vomiting etc
• Rapid breathing
• Dry mouth and skin

It is a medical emergency patient is to shift immediately to nearest for better management. If it is not treated timely it may lead to coma or death.

TREATMENT OF DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS

    The treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis is based on to normalise the blood sugar and insulin levels. The treatment also includes fluid replacement,insulin therapy,electrolyte replacement etc.

CAUSES OF DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS

   Ketoacidosis occurs when blood sugar level are very high and insulin level are low. Our body required insulin to use the available glucose in the blood. In case of diabetic ketoacidosis glucose can't get into cells so it build up,resulting high blood sugar level.

    In response,the body start breaking down fat into usable fuel which not required  insulin. This fuel is called ketones,when too many ketones accumulated blood becomes acidic. This condition is termed as diabetic ketoacidosis. 

SOCIAL SCIENCE CLASS - 8 GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER - 1

SOCIAL SCIENCE CLASS - 8

CHAPTER - 1

RESOURCES

EXERCISES

Question number 1

Answer the following questions

(a) Why are resources distributed unequally over the Earth?

(b) what is resource conservation?

(c) Why are human resources important?

(d) What is sustainable development?

Answer number 1

(a) The distribution of natural resources depends upon physical factor such as terrain, climate and altitude. The distribution of resources is unequal because these factor differ so much over the Earth.

(b) using resources judiciously and carefully and giving them time to get renewed is called resource conversation.

(c) human resource can utilise the natural resources in best weight to generate more resources applying their knowledge, skill and Technology.

(d) wisely and carefully utilising the available resources so that after the fulfillment of requirement of present, it could be available for future generation. This is called sustainable development.

Question number 2

Tick the correct answer

(i) Which one of the following does not make substance a resource

 (a) utility              (b) value           (c) quantity

(ii) Which one of the following is human made resource?

(a) Medicines to treat cancer

(b) Spring water

(c)Tropical forest

(iii) Complete the sentence.

Biotic resources are

(a) Derived from living things

(b) Made by human beings

(c) Derived from non living things

Answer number 2

(i) - (c) Quantity

(ii) - (a) Medicine to treat cancer

(iii) - (a)Derived from living things

Question number 3

Differentiate between the followings.

(a)Potential and actual resources

(b)Ubiquitous and localised ˋ

Answer number 3

(a) Actual resources 

In actual resources quantity of resource is known.

Able to utilise of resource in present.

The present level of Technology is capable to utilise it.

Potential resource

Important shall resource quantity of resource is not known.

Not being used at present, but could be used in future.

 The present level of Technology is not advanced enough to utilise it.

(b) ubiquitous resources

It is IR source which is found everywhere

Example air, water, soil etc

Localised resources

 It is a resource which is found only in certain places

ALSO SEE SOLUTIONS OF :

GEOGRAPHY CHAPTERS -

Resources
Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation And Wildlife

CIVICS CHAPTERS -

The Indian Constitution
Understanding Secularisms

HISTORY CHAPTERS -

How, When And Where
From Trade To Territory Company Establishes Power
Ruling The Countryside
Tribal, Dikus And The Vision Of Golden Age
When People Rebel

WHAT IS SLEEP APNEA

    Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder which occurs when a person's breathing is interrupted during sleep. People having sleep apnea problem stop breathing repeatedly during their sleep. In this brain and rest of the body may not get enough oxygen.     

TYPES OF SLEEP APNEA

  Sleep apnea is of two type  ---

Obstructive sleep apnea---

   It is caused by blockage of the airway,usually this occurs when the soft tissue in the back of the throat collapse during sleep.

Central sleep apnea  ---

  In this type of sleep apnea brain fails to send the signal to muscles for breath. It is caused due to instability in the respiratory control center.

SYMPTOMS OF THE SLEEP APNEA

  The following symptoms appears in the sleep apnea---

• Throat becomes dry while waking up.
• Loud snoring
• Sleepiness or lack of energy during day.
• Sometimes waking up with a choking or gasping sensation.
• Feeling of sleepy while driving.
• Restless sleep.
• Recurrent awaking or insomnia. etc 

TREATMENT OF SLEEP APNEA

     Depending on the cause and severity of the apnea there are different methods of treatment, the purpose of treatment is to normalise breathing during sleep. Lifestyle changes is plays important role in normalising the breathing. Some are as follows  ---

 Alcohol intake should be stop.

 Smoking should be stopped

 In case of overweight,weight should be reduced

 Side sleeping

 

  Apart from this some others treatment is also recommended in severe cases like continuous positive airway pressure,surgery and use of mandibular repositioning device.

WHAT IS LYMPH DISEASE

         The lymphatic system that includes lymph nodes and lymph vessels helps the circulatory system by extracting excess fluids and protein from tissue back into the blood stream,hence preventing tissue swelling. Lymph system also serves as a defence system for the body,it filtering out organism which causes diseases. It also produces white blood cells and generate antibodies.

       The biochemical make up of lymph ie the fluid present in lymphatic vessel varies according to the site and origin. For instances lymph from bone marrow,spleen and thymus have high concentration of white blood cells which fight against infection, while lymph from intestine has high in fat. Any damage to the lymphatic and circulatory system makes the body more prone  to sickness and infection and may lead to serious condition like cancer.

LYMPH DISEASE 

      The lymphatic system may not work properly if nodes ,ducts,vessels or lymph tissue becomes blocked,inflamed,infected or cancerous. Some diseases which are related to lymphatic system are as follows  --

Lymphoma --   

              When cancer starts in the lymphatic system is known as lymphoma. It is the most serious lymphatic disease.

Lymphadenitis --

     A lymph nodes swells when it becomes infected. Nodes may fills with pus,turn in abscess. The skin around the nodes may become red.

Lymphedema  ---

   In this case the lymphatic system does not work properly because of the obstruction fluid may not drain effectively. As the fluid accumulated this may lead to swelling. This condition is called lymphedema.

         

  

CLASS - 6 SCIENCE CHAPTER - 16GARBAGE IN,GARBAGE OUTQUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Question no. 1

(a) Which kinds of garbage is not converted into compost by the red worms ?

(b) Have you seen any other organism besides red worms,in your pit? If yes,try to find out their names. Draw pictures of these.

Answer no. 1

(a) Plastic bags and articles,tin,glass,aluminium foils are not converted in compost by red worms.
(b) Earthworms, small insects like ant,millipedes are found in pits.

Question no. 2

Discuss:
(a) Is garbage disposal the responsibility only of the government?
(b) Is it possible to reduce the problems relating to disposal of garbage?

Answer no. 2  

(a) No,garbage disposal is not responsibility for the government only,but every citizen are responsible for it. Garbage is segregated in wet and dry waste,recycle non biodegradable and it should be disposed accordingly. House and surroundings should be cleaned. There should be no accumulation of garbage in home or street it should be properly disposed in garbage pit.

(b) Yes,it is possible to reduce the problems of garbage by scientific disposal of garbage,it can be done by segregating the waste in wet and dry garbage,recycle and it should be disposed properly.

Question no. 3

(a) What do you do with the left over food at home?
(b) If you and your friends are given the choice of eating in a plastic plate or a banana leaf platter at a party,which one would you prefer and why?

Answer no. 3

(a) Left over food is preserved in refrigerator and it is used before they get spoiled.
(b) I choose banana leaf because it environmental friendly and easy to dispose.

Question no. 4

(a) Collect pieces of different kinds of paper. Find out which of these can be recycled.
(b) With the help of a lens look at the pieces of paper you collected fro the above question. Do you see any difference in the material of recycled paper and a new sheet of paper?

Answer no. 4

(a) All kinds of paper can be recycled except plastic paper.
(b) Recycled paper is thick compared to non recycled paper.

Question no. 5

(a) Collect different kinds of packaging material. What was the purpose for which each one was used? Discuss in groups.
(b) Give an example in which packaging could have been reduced?
(c) Write a story on how packaging increases the amount of garbage?

Answer no. 5

(a) Different kind of packaging materials are used to keep the items safe inside the packing. Some packing materials which are commonly used are -

Cardboard packing material used for - Shoe,soap,bulb and other boxes
Plastic bags used for - Toys covers,sarees bag,shopping bags etc.
Wooden boxes used for - Fruit basket and boxes for hardware and other delicate items.
Jute bags used for - school bags, shopping bag, vegetable bags etc.

(b)  In so many cases  unnecessary packing is done than the requirement. Some materials are packed in two to three tier packing it should be avoided to reduce the packing. If the packing material is not delicate then the packing material should be removed and delivered to customers. This removed packing material is to be sent to concern company for reuse that packing material. To adopting this technique we can reduce the use of plastic as well garbage.

(c) Packing materials are basically used to protect the items for tempering. Sometime it is used to beautify the boxes and make them look attractive. A large volume of packing material goes waste and it is thrown into dustbin. It unnecessarily increases the amount of garbage. It also increases the cost of the  the product.
Except the delicate items. The other items while delivering to customer, the package should be removed and it sent back to the company for another packing. Hence we can avoid the increasing amount of garbage due to packing material.

Question no. 6

Do you think it is better to use compost instead of chemical fertilizers? Why?

Answer no. 6

Yes, it is better to use compost instead of chemical fertilizers for the following reason - 

1 - compost is easily prepared.
2 - compost is environmental friendly because it does not cause any health issue in humans and animals.
3 - compost does not cause pollution.
4 - compost increases soil fertility.
5 - compost is biodegradable.

Also see answers of the following chapters -

Garbage in Garbage out
Air around us
Water
Fun with Magnets
Electricity and Circuits
Light, Shadow and Reflection
Motion and Measurement of Distances
The Living Organisms and their Surroundings
Body Movements
Getting to know Plants
Changes Around Us
Separation of Substances
Sorting Material into Groups
Fibre to Fabric
Components of Food
Food : Where does it com from ?

WHAT IS NORMAL BODY TEMPERATURE

         The normal body temperature is 98.6 degree F or 37degree C. This is the average temperature . Body temperature may be  slightly higher or lower. There are a number of factors which can influence body temperature such as age,sex,time of day.
Older people have more difficulty in conserving heat. They are more likely to have lower body temperatures. Normal temperature of the body may vary from person to person.

FACTORS WHICH CAN AFFECT BODY TEMPERATURE

    According to the research our body tends to warm throughout the day. Time of the day is one factor which can influence temperature. younger people tends higher average body temperature. Because the ability to regulate body temperature decreases with age.

    Physical activity levels and certain foods or drinks can also influenced body temperature. Temperature taken by armpit showing one degree lower than the temperature taken by the mouth. 

WHAT IS NARCOLEPSY

      Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder which affect the ability to wake up and sleep. People with narcolepsy have excessive and uncontrollable daytime sleepiness. They may suddenly fall asleep at any time. Narcolepsy is of two type ,in type 1 sudden loss of muscle tone which causes weakness and makes unable to control muscles. In type 2 narcolepsy this symptoms does not appear.

SYMPTOMS OF NARCOLEPSY

   The following symptoms may appear in narcolepsy ---

• Excessive daytime sleepiness
• Muscles becomes weak and unable to control it.
• Hallucination
• Sleep paralysis (individual may be unable to move or speak while falling asleep or waking up, this last for a few second to several minutes )
• Disturbed sleep

TREATMENT OF NARCOLEPSY

There is no specific treatment for narcolepsy. But some measures may reduce the symptoms  --

Life style changes will help in reducing the symptoms of narcolepsy. It includes stopping the use of caffeine,alcohol and nicotine. meal should be taken in small quantity at intervals instead of taking heavy meals at times. Sleep schedule should be controlled. Regular exercise will help in reducing the symptoms of narcolepsy. Some stimulant may be use to treat sleepiness. Some antidepressant may be used prescribed by the doctor.

WHAT IS NEUROPATHY

          Neuropathy is damage or dysfunction of one or more nerves which typically result in numbness,tingling,muscle weakness and pain in the affected area. It frequently start in hands and feet,but it affects the other part of the body too. It is often called peripheral neuropathy. Peripheral nervous system is the network of nerves outside brain and spinal cord. Brain and spinal cord make up central nervous system,it acts as a central station. It is the control center from where all information comes and go. The peripheral nervous system are the tracts which connected to central station.

     Neuropathy results when nerve cells called neurons ,are damage or destroyed. This disrupts the way of communication to other neurons and with the brain. Neuropathy can affect one nerve (  mononeuropathy) or nerve type,a combination of nerves in a limited area (multifocal neuropathy) or many peripferal nerves throughout the body is called polyneuropathy.

TYPES OF PERIPHERAL NERVES 

    The peripheral nervous system is combine with three type of nerves which plays important role in the function of the body.

SENSORY NERVES

   Sensory nerve carry message from five senses ie sight,hearing,smell,taste,touch through spinal cord to brain.

MOTOR NERVES

  Motor nerves carry message from brain to muscles.

AUTONOMIC NERVES

  Autonomic nerves are responsible for that body function which occur outside of direct control such as breathing,digestion,heart rate,blood pressure,sweating, bladder control and sexual arousal.

SYMPTOMS OF NEUROPATHY

   In case of neuropathy the most common described feelings are sensation of numbness,tingling ,stabbing pain and weakness in the affected area. Some more symptoms are as follows  --

•  Loss of coordination
•  Not able to feel that are kept on hand and feet
• Muscles twitching,cramps and spasm
• Low blood pressure or abnormal heart rate
• Problem with bladder,digestion and bowels, they not function properly
• Severe pain especially in night etc

CAUSES OF NEUROPATHY

   It is not caused by single diseases but it may cause because of multiple diseases ---

•  Diabetes
•  Trauma
• Autoimmune disorder and infection
• Other health condition such as kidney disorder,liver disorder,hypothyroidism,tumors etc
• Medications and poison
• Vascular disorder
• Abnormal vitamin levels
• Alcoholism
• Inherited disorders

   

WHAT IS OVULATION

          Ovulation refers to the release of an egg during menstruation in female. The process and body parts which include are as- part of the ovary called the ovarian follicle discharge an egg. The egg is also known as ovum or female gamete.  It is released on maturity. after release the egg travel through the fallopian tube,where it may be met by a sperm and become fertilised. When ovulation is likely to occur this is the most fertile time for women and more likely to conceive. 

WHEN DOES OVULATION OCCUR

      A women's menstrual cycle lasts on average between 28 to 32 days. The beginning of each cycle is considered to be the first day of menses. Release of an egg generally occurs between 12 to 16 days. 

     Ovulation normally stops after menopause around the age of 50 years. The menopause age may differ according the physical and mental condition of the women.

CLASS - 6 SCIENCE 

CHAPTER - 15

AIR AROUND US

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Question no. 1

What is the composition of air?

Answer no. 1

The air is a composition of oxygen,nitrogen,carbon dioxide,water vapour, dust and smoke.

Question no. 2

Which gas in the atmosphere is essential for respiration?

Answer no. 2

Oxygen present in the atmosphere is essential for respiration?

Question no. 3

How will you prove that air supports burning?

Answer no. 3

Take a candle and place it in a tub. Light the candle and fill the tub with water. Now cover the candle with an inverted glass. It is observed that candle blows out after burning some time and the water level inside the inverted glass rises to some extent.

The component part of air (i.e. oxygen) inside the glass is used up in burning. After blows out candle water occupies that space. It shows that air support burning.

Question no. 4

How will you show that air is dissolved in water?

Answer no. 4

Take a glass beaker and fill it with water. Boil it. Before it start boiling bubbles appears in the bottom,these bubbles are due to air present in water. This experiment proves that air present in the water.

Question no. 5

Why does a lump of cotton wool shrink in water?

Answer no. 5

The lump of cotton wool shrink in water because the air inside the cotton lumps are replaced by water which make the layer stick together and it shrink.

Question no. 6

6. The layer of air around the earth is known as __________________.

Answer no. 6

Atmosphere

Question no. 7

The component of air used by green plants to make their food,is ____________________.

Answer no. 7

Carbon dioxide

Question no. 8

List five activities that are possible due to the presence of air.

Answer no. 8

Activities which are possible due to air are -

1. Respiration
2. Transpiration
3. Photosynthesis
4. Cloud formation 
5. Winnowing

Question no. 9

How do plants and animals help each other in the exchange of gases in the atmosphere?

Answer no. 9

Plants take carbon dioxide and give out oxygen. This oxygen is used by animals for respiration and expel out carbon dioxides. This carbon dioxides is used by plant to prepare food. This cycle continues so plant and animals help each other in exchange of gases in the atmosphere.

Also see answers of the following chapters -

Garbage in Garbage out
Air around us
Water
Fun with Magnets
Electricity and Circuits
Light, Shadow and Reflection
Motion and Measurement of Distances
The Living Organisms and their Surroundings
Body Movements
Getting to know Plants
Changes Around Us
Separation of Substances
Sorting Material into Groups
Fibre to Fabric
Components of Food
Food : Where does it com from ?