NCERT SOLUTION CLASS 10 SOCIAL SCIENCE

NCERT SOLUTION CLASS 10
SOCIAL SCIENCE ECONOMICE
CHAPTER 2
SECTORS OF THE INDIAN ECONOMY

QUESTION NO1 

    Fill in the blanks using the correct option given in the bracket :

(i) Employment in the service sector ----------  increased to the same extent as production. (has/has not)

(ii) Workers  in the  ------------- sector do not produce goods. (tertiary/ agriculture)

(iii) Most of the worker in the -------------  sector enjoy job security. (organised/ unorganised)

(iv) A -------------  proportion of labours in India are working in the unorganised sector. (large/small)

(v) Cotton is a ---------  product and cloth is a ------------ product. (natural/manufactured)

(vi) The activities in the primary,secondary and tertiary sectors are -----------.

(independent/interdependent)

ANSWER 

(i) has not  (ii) tertiary

(iii)organised (iv) large

(v) natural, manufactured

(vi) interdepedent

QUESTION NO 2

Choose the most appropriate answer :

(a) The sectors are classified into public and private sector on the basis of  :

      (i)  employment condition

      (ii)  the nature of economic activity

      (iii) ownership of enterprises

      (iv) number of workers employed in the enterprises

(b) Production of a community,mostly through the natural process,is an activity in ----

       sector.

       (i) primary

       (ii)  secondary

       (iii) tertiary

      (iv) information technology

(c) GDP is the total value of ----------------- produced during a particular year.

      (i) all goods and services

      (ii) all final goods and services

      (iii) all intermediate goods and services

      (iv) all intermediate and final goods and services.

(d)  In term of GDP the share of tertiary sector in 2013-14 is between ------percent.

       (i) 20 to 30

       (ii) 30 to 40

       (iii) 50 to 60

       (iv) 60 to 70

ANSWER

(a) (iii) ownership of enterprises

(b) (i) primary

(c) (ii) all final goods and services

(d) (iii) between 50 percent to 60 percent.

QUESTION NO 3

  Match the followings : 

Problem faced by farming sector

1. Unirrigated land

2. Low prices for crop

3. Debt burden

4. No job in the off season

5. Compelled to sell their grains to the local trader soon after harvest

Some possible measures

(a) Setting up agro based mills

(b) Cooperative marketing societies

(c) Procurement of food grains by government

(d) Construction of canals by the governments

(e) Banks to provide credit with low interest

ANSWER

Problem faced by farming sector

1. Unirrigated land

2. Low prices for crop

3. Debt burden

4. No job in the off season

5. Compelled to sell their grains to the local trader soon after harvest

Some possible measures

(d) Construction of canals by government

(c) Procurement of food grains by government

(e) Banks to provide credit with low interest

(a) Setting of agro based mills

(b) Cooperative marketing societies

QUESTION NO 4

Find out odd one out and say why.

(i) Tourist guide,dhobi,tailor,potter

(ii) Teacher,doctor,vegetable vendor,lawyer

(iii) Postman,cobbler,soldier,police constable

(iv) MTNL,Indian Railway,Air India,Jet Airways,All India Radio

ANSWER

(i) Tourist Guide- He is appointed bt the government whereas Dhobi,the tailor and the potter belonged to the private sector.

(ii) Vegetable vendor: He does not require a formal qualification for doing the job whereas the other required a specific qualification for their respective job.

(iii) Cobbler: He is related to the private sector whereas others are related to he public sectors.

(iv) SAHARA Airlines: It is a private enterprises,while the rest are government undertakings.

QUESTION NO 5

A research scholar looked at the working people in the city of Surat and found the following.

Complete the table. What is the percentage of workers in the unorganised sector in the city?

ANSWER

Own shops,offices,       Organised      15
clinic in market
places wi formal
licence.
-__________________________________________
people working on       unorganised   20
street ,consrucion
workers,domestic
worker
-__________________________________________
Working in small          Unorganised   50
workshops usuall
no regisered wih
the government

The percentage of workers in the unorganised sectors in the city is 70.

QUESTION NO 6

 Do you think the classification of economic activities into primary,secondaryand tertiary is  useful?Explain how.

ANSWER

Classificaion of economics in primary,secondary and tertiarry is very useful. it can be understand wih the following reasons:

1.  On the basis of this classification it provides the informaion about how many people are employed in which sector.

2. It helps in ascertaining as to which sector of the economic activity contributes more or less o country's GDP and participation in per capia income.

3. As it ascertain the participation in the GDP ,it reveals which sector is participating in the economy very well and the sectors which are not participate  well in the economy government can take positive measures for the improvement of that sector , which will  boost the economy and  will also improve the GDP.

QUESTION NO 7

  For each of the sectors that we came across in this chapter why one should focus on employment and GDP ? Could there be other issues which should be examined? Discuss.

ANSWER

Focus should be on the employment and GDP because of he following reasons.

1. These determines the size of the country's economy.
2. It helps to determine in two important things first per capita income and second is productivity.
3. In each of the three sectors, employment rate and contribution in the GDP helps to understand the growth and comparission of each sector. On the basis of information government can take the initiative to improve the sectors which have lagging behind.

QUESTION NO 8

 Make a long list of all kind of work that you find adults around you doing for a living. In what way can you classify them? Explain your choice.

ANSWER 

People are engaged in various economic activities in our surroundings such as doctor,lawyer,postman,teacher,farmer,cobbler,soldier,police,potter,dhobi,tailor,mine worker,construction worker etc.

People doing       The economic     Nature of Activity 

different Job       Sector

Farmer            Unorganided         Primary

Teacher          Organised Sector   Tertiary
Doctor            Organised Sector    Tertiary

Lawyer           Organised sector    Tertiary
Post man        Organised                 Tertiary
Cobbler           Unorganised            Tertiary
Dhobi              Unorganised            Tertiary
Construction  Unorganised           Secondary
worker
Mine Worker  Unorganised        Primary

Bank Clerk      Organised            Tertiary

QUESTION NO 9

 How is the tertiary sector different from other sectors? Illustrate with a few examples.

ANSWER

  Tertiary sector provide aid or support for the production process. Since this sector generates services so it is also called service sector. It helps in the development of primary and secondary sectors. Some examples of tertiary sectors are as follows.

1. Transportation -  

   Goods that are produced in the primary sector need to be transported to the wholesale market and retail shops to sell  train,trucks,tractor and so many mini trucks are used to transport.

2. Storage 

 Some raw productions needs to be stored because of low price at the time of harvesting of the crop. Farmers need to keep their production in storage for getting better price.

3.  COMMUNICATION

    Communication is the important to execute the work such as for arranging transport,speaking to buyer of their product,sending letters etc.

4. Banking

    Farmers needs money for their agricultural activity such as purchasing of seeds,fertilisers, labour charge for sowing and for hire of agricultural tools etc.Farmers borrows money from the banks and after the harvesting the crop they sell the crop and repay the loan amout.

QUESTION No 10

  What do you understand by disguised unemployment? Explain with an example each from the urban and rural area.

ANSWER

   Disguied unemployment is a situation in which more people are employed than actual requirement. If some people will be withdrawn from the job there will be no effect on the production. In rural areas in a small piece of agricultural land all the members of the family works in the where working of all the members are not  required. They all indulde in farming because of not having any other job. In urban areas,disguised unemployment can be seen in the service sector where painters,plumbers,repair persons and others are doing irregular job they are not getting job on regular basis.Vegetables vendors sometimes sell the very minimum amount of vegetables in whole day it means they are working less than their capacity.

QUESTION NO 11  

   Distinguish between open unemployment and disguished unemployment.

ANSWER

OPEN UNEMPLOYMENT

1. It is a situation when a person has no job in hand and does not earn anything at all.

2. It is clearly visible.

3. The more people will be unemployment the production will be affected.

DISGUISED UNEMPLOYMENT

1.  It is a situation where it is seen that people are working but they works with less potential they have.

 2. It is hidden.

3. If a few people move out, it will not affect the production. Because in disguised unemployment people are working with less capacity.

QUESTION NO 12

'' Tertiary sector is not playing any significant role in the development of Indian economy.'' Do you agree? Give reason in support of your answe.

ANSWER 

 No, it's not true. In fact tertiary sector is playing a significant role in the development of indian economy,especially in last two decades.In the last decades the information and technology has grown a lot. The share in GDP of tertiary sector has grown from 40% in 1973 to more than 50% in 2003. So it is evident that tertiary sector is playing a significant role in the development of Indian economy. It helps in the develpoment of primary and secondary sectors.

QUESTION NO 13

   Service sector in India employs two different kinds of people. Who are these?

ANSWER

  Service sectore employ two different kinds of people first those who are highly skilled and educated workers such as workers in call centers, doctors,engineers etc.Secondaly there are very large numbers of workers engaged in the services like mechanics,transport person,painters,plumbers etc. These people hardly manage their livelihood.

QUESTION NO 14

 Workers are exploited in the unorganised sector,Do you agree with this view? Give reason in support of your answer.

ANSWER

Yes, I do agree with the view that workers are exploited in the unorganised sector. In unorganised sector there is no control of the government hence the owner exploits their workers in terms of low wages and increasing working hour. There is no job security in the unorganised sector. They follow the principle no work no payment. There is no medical facility,no proper ventilation on work pace,canteen facility for which they are authorised but they are not getting.

QUESTION NO 15.

  How are the activities in the economy classified on the basis of employment conditions?

ANSWER

On the basis of employment condition, the activities are classified in the following ways.

1.  ORGANISED SECTOR

   This sector is registered by the government and follow its rule and regulation which are given in the forms of various law such as Factory Act,Minimum wages Act,Payment of gratuity Act,etc. They enjoyed various protective measures taken by the government like job security,fixed working hours,advantage of overtime,paid leave,provident fund,gratuity etc.

UNORGANISED SECTOR

These are small and scattered units which are largly outside the control of the government. Woekers working in the unorganised are exploited by their owners in the form of low wages,job insecurity and no other faciliry for which they are authorized.

QUESTION NO 16.

 Compare the employment condition prevaling in the organised and unorganised sectors.

ANSWER

ORGANISED              UNORGANISED
SECTOR                       SECTOR

1.                                   1.

In organised sector   In unorganised 

employment are        sector people have

regular and people   no assured work.

have assured work.  they can be removed

                                      anytime.

2. Organised sectors 2. It is largely outside
are registered by          the control of the
government and they  government. They
have follow the rule    don't follow rules
set for these                  and regulation set
organisation like         by government for
Factory Act,Minimum the workers.
wage Act,Gratuity Act
etc.
3. It is called organised 3. In unorganised
sectors because it has    sectors there is no
some formal processes  formal processes or
and procedure.                procedure.
4. Workers in this         4. Workers in this
sectors enjoys security  sector do not enjoy
of employment.They     security of 

work only for fixed       employment.

hours.If they work more
they have to paid
overtime.

5. Worker in this sector 5. Workers in this
are getting several other  sectors are not

benefit from the                getting these all

employer such as paid    benefits.
leave,payment during
holiday,provident fund
pension,gratuity,medical
benefit etc.

QUESTION NO 17

Explain the objectives of implementing the MNREGA 2005.

ANSWER

Its main objecive was to provide emploment in the rural area for he poor people.According to the NREGA all those who are in need of work would be guranteed 100 days of employmen in a year by the  government. If government fails in its duy to provide employmen then unemployment allowance will be given to registered workers under NREGA.

QUESTION NO 18

 Using examples from your area compare and contrast that activities and functions of private and public sectors.

ANSWER

PUBLIC SECTOR

   In public sector,the government owns most of the assets and provides all the services. e.g. The Indian Railway,Post office.Public Sector Banks etc.

PRIVATE SECTOR

 In a private sector,ownership of assets and delivery of services is in the hand of the private individuals or companies.e.g Reliance,Tata motor,Airtel etc.

QUESTION NO 19

  Discuss and fill the following table giving one example each from your area.

ANSWER

PUBLIC SECTOR

Well Managed Organisation-- Post offices
Badly Managed Organisation- Air India

PRIVATE SECTOR

Well Managed Organisation-  Reliance
Badly Managed Organisation- Yes Bank

QUESTION NO 20

  Give a few examples of public sector activities and explain why the government has taken them up.

ANSWER

Public sector activities are provision of water,electricity and construction of roads,bridges,railways,generating electricity,providing irrigation through dams etc.
Activity in the private sector are guided by the motive to earn profits.To get these services people have to pay money to private sectors.
The purpose of the public sector is not just earn to earn profits.Governments raise money through taxes and other ways to meet expenses on the services rendered by it.Thus government have to undertake such heavy spending and ensure that these facilities are available for everyone.

QUESTION NO 21

Explain how public sector contributes to the economic development of a nation.

ANSWER

In public sector,the government owns most of the assets and provides all services.Public sector industries main purpose is for social welfare and provide all kind of facilities to their workers which they deserve to get. It plays a vital role in contributing to the Human Development Index through its functioning in health and education services. Quality education and education for all specially the primary education is the responsibilty of the government. The government pays attention to the aspect of human development such as availability of safe drinking water,housing facility for the poors,education,providing good health system and food and nutrition.Government buying food grains at a ''fair price'' from farmers,providing electricity,water and postal services at low rates. The government ensures that citizens of the country have a good living standards.

QUESTION NO 22

 The workers in the unorganised sector need protection on the following issue : wages,safety and health. Explain with examples.

ANSWER

  The unorganised sector is characterised by small and scattered units which are largely outside the control of the government.In this sector there is no provision for overtime,paid leave,leave due to sickness and job security. There are some rights of workers which must be protected like wage,safety and health.

WAGES- 

 Workers in the unorganised sector are often exploited and not paid a fair wage. Their fare wage must be protected by the law. They must be given fair wages so that they can support their family comfortably.

SAFETY-

There are several workers who have works in mines or fireworks factories where there life are at risk. Their life risk must be protected and adequate safety measures must be adopted.

HEALTH-  

Long working hours and unhygienic working conditions pose great problems to the health of the workers. Adequate ventilation at work place,providing safe drinking water and healthy working environment must be created.

QUESTION NO 23

A Study in Ahmedabad found that out of 15,00,000 workers in the city, 11,00,000 worked in the unorganised sector. The total income of the city in this year (1997-1998) was 60,000 million. Out of this Rs 32,000 million was generated in the organised sector. Present this data as a table. What kind of ways should be thought of for generating more employment in the city?

ANSWER 

             Organised  Unorganided    Total

              sector          Sectot

No of    4,00,000      11,00,000      15,00,000
workers

Income  32,000       28,000         60,000

                Million     Million        Million

From the above data it is evident that out of 15,00,000 workers only 4,00,000 workers are employment in the organised sector. Here there is a scope to geretate the employment. In order to generate more employmentin in the city,more companies needs to be brought under organised sector,for this,the government must provide loans at minimal interest and aid to companies for their establishment.

QUESTION NO 24

The following tables gives the GDP in Rupees (crores) by three sectors :

( i ) Calculate the share of three sectors in GDP for 2000 and 2013.

( ii ) Show the data as bar diagram similar to graph 2 in the chapter.

( iii) What conclusion can we draw from the bar graph?

ANSWER

  In 1950

Total GDP of three sectors (in 1950)=

       80,000+19,000+39,000= 1,38,000 crores

Share of primary sector= 80,000
                                               ---------- x 100
                                              1,38,000
                                           =  57.97%
Share of secondary sector=

                                   19,000
                                   ----------- x 100
                                  1,38,000
                               = 13.76%

Share of tertiary sector =  39,000
                                               ----------- x 100
                                              1,38,000

                                           = 28.26%

  In 2011

Total GDP of three sectors (in 2011)=

    8,18,000 + 12,49,000 +28,18,000
   =  4,885,000 crores

Share of primary sector=  8,18,000
                                               -------------- x 100

                                                4,885,000
                                           = 16.75%
Share of secondary sector = 12,49,000
                                                   --------------- x100

                                                   4,885,000

Share of tertiry sector =  28,18,000
                                             --------------- x100

                                             4,885,000

(ii)

(iii)  The conclusion can be drawn from bar graph is the share of tertiary sector in the GDP has almost doubled. The primary sector has declined approx one third and secondary sector has doubled approx.