NCERT SOLUTIO CLASS 10 SOCIAL SCIENCE

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NCERT SOLUTIONCLASS 10 SOCIAL SCIENCE (DEMOCRATIC POLITICS- II
CHAPTER -1
POWER -SHARING

QUESTION NO1 

What are the different forms of power sharing in modern democracies? Give an example of  each of these.

ANSWER

In modern democracies ,power sharing arrangement have taken different forms such as --

1.HORIZONTAL DIVISION OF POWER

Power is shared among different organs of the government, like the legislature,executiveand judiciary. This ensures that none of the organs can exercise unlimited power.Each organ checks the others and thus balance of power among various institutions is maintained. Minister and government officials are responsible to the parliament and state assemblies.Similarly,judges though appointed by the executes,keep a check on the functioning of executives and laws made by the legislatures.This arrangement is called a system of checks and balances.

2. VERTICAL POWER OF DIVISION

Power can be shared among governments at different levels. A general government for the entire countrey which is called federal government or a central government or union government in India. And the government at the provincial level or state level. Same principle is extended to the lower level than state government such as municipal corporation and panchayats.This is also called federal division of power.

3. COMMUNITY GOVERNMENT

   The countries having community government shares the power among different social groups,such as religious and linguistic groups.Belgium is the example of having this type of government. Such government would give space in the government and administration to diverse social group who otherwise would feel alienated from the government. This method is used to give minority community a fair share in power.

4. COALITION GOVERNMENT

Power is also shared through coalition government. When two or more parties form an alliance to contest election. If their alliance is elected they form a coalition government and thus share power. In a democracy the interest group such as those of traders ,businessman,industrialist,farmers and industrial workers.They also will have a share in governmental power,either through participation in governmental committees or bringing influence on the decision making process.

QUESATION NO 2

State one prudential reason and one moral reason for power sharing with an example from the Indian context.

ANSWER

PRUDENTIAL REASON

  Power sharing is good because it helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social group. Since social conflict often leads to violance and politically instability,power sharing is a good way to ensure the stability of polital order.

MORAL REASON

Power sharing is the very spirit of democracy. In democracy people have a right to be consulted on how they are to be governed. For example the division of power among differents units in India is a suitable example of moral reason for power sharing.

QUESTION NO 3

After reading this chapter,three students drew different conclusions. Which of these do you agree with and why? Give your reasons in about 50 words.

Thomman --  Power sharing is necessary only in socities which have religious,linguistic or ethnic divisions.

Mathayi--  Power sharing is suitable only for big countries that have regional divisions.

Ouseph---  Every society needs some form of power sharing even it is small or does not have social division.  

ANSWER

Ouseph statement is more accurate because every society needs power sharing even if they are small or do not have social division.A democrative system of government ensure that citizens acquire a stake in the system by active participation. It prevents conflicts between different groups in society. It helps to maintain a balance of power amongs various section of  the society. People will be more satisfied when they will have participation in the decision making in the government.

QUESTION NO 4

The Mayor of Merchtem,a town near Brussels in Belgium,has defended a ban on speaking French in town's schools. He said that the ban would help all non- Dutch speakers integrate in this Flemish town. Do you think that this measure is in keeping with the sprit of Belgium's power sharing arrangements? Give your reason in about 50 words.

ANSWER

This mesaure is not in keeping with Belgiums's power sharing arrangements.The arrangement seek to maintain peace between the french speaking and dutch speaking communities. By putting a ban on speaking french,there is a chances of civil unrest in the town.Both the languages should be made acceptable  in the town's school. This bilingual  education system will be a better way to integrate the people of the town.

QUESTION NO 5

Read the following passage  and pickout anyone of the prudential reasons for power sharing offered in this.
'' We need to give more power to the panchayats to realise the dream of Mahatma Gandhi and the hopes of the makers of our constitution.Panchayati Raj establishes true democracy.It restores power to the only place where power belongs in a  democracy ---- in the hands of the people.Giving power to the Panchayat is also way to reduce corruption and increase administrative efficiency, When people participate in the planning and implementation of developmental schemes,they would naturally exercise greater control over these schemes. This would eliminate the corrupt middleman. Thus panchayat Raj strengthen will strengthen the foundation of our democracy.

ANSWER

When people participate in the planning  and implementation of developemental schemes,they would naturally exercise greater control over these schemes.This would eliminate the corrupt middleman.

QUESTION NO 6

Diffirent arguments are usually put forth in favour of and against power sharing.Identity those which are in favour of power sharing and select the answer using the codes given below.
Power sharing :
A. reduce conflict among different communities.
B. decreases the possibility of arbitrariness.
C. delay decision making process.
D. accommodates diversities.
E. increase instability and divisiveness.
F.promote people's participation in government.
G. undermines the unity of a country.
(a)  A /B/D/F
(b) A/C/E/F
 (c) A/B/D/G
(d)  B/C/D/G

ANSWER

(a) A B D F

QUESTION NO7

Consider the following statements about power sharing arrangements in Belgium and Sri Lanka :
A. In Belgium,the Dutch speaking majority people tried to impose their domination on the minority French speaking community.
B.In Sri Lanka, the policies of the government sought to ensure the dominance of the Sinhala  speaking majority.
C. The Tamils in Sri Lanka demanded a federal arrangement of power sharing to protect their culture,language and equality of oppurtinity in education and jobs.
D. The transformation of Belgium from unitary government to a federal one prevented a possible division of the country  on linguistic lines.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) A,B,C and D
(b) A,B and D
(c) C and D
(d) B,C and D

ANSWER

(d) B,C and D

QUESTION NO 8

Match list I (forms of power sharing) with list II (forms of government) and select the correct answer using the codes given below in the lists.

LIST I
1. Power shared amongs different organs of the government.
2. Power shared among governments at different levels.
3.Power shared by different social groups.
4. Power shared by two or more political parties.

LIST II

A. Community Government
B. Separation of Power
C.Coalition of Government
D. Federal Government

         1     2      3      4
(a)    D   A      B      C
(b)    B   C      D      A
(c)    B    D     A      C
(d)    C   D      A     B

ANSWER

(c)   1    2     3     4
       B    D    A     C

QUESTION NO 9

Consider the following two statements on power sharing and select the answer using the codes given below.
A. Power sharing is good for democracy.
B. It helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups.
Which of these statements are true and false ?
(a) A is true and B is false
(b) Both A and B are true
(c) Both A and B are false
(d) A is false but B is true.

ANSWER 

(b) Both A and B are true







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