NCERT SOLUTION CLASS 10 GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER 3 WATER RESOURCES

NCERT SOLUTION CLASS 10 SOCIAL SCIENCESCIENCE(GEOGRAPHY) CHAPTER 3 WATER RESOURCES

QUESTION NO 1 

Multiple choice question.

(i) 

 Bases on the information given below classify each of the situations as 'suffering from water scarcity' or 'not' suffering from water scarcity'.

(a) Region with high annual rainfall.

(b) Region having high annual rainfall and large population.

(c) Region having high annual rainfall but water is highly polluted.

(d) Region having low rainfall and low population.

(ii) 

Which one of the following satements is not an argument in favour of multi-purpose river projects?

(a) Multi-purpose projects bring water to those areas which suffer from water scarcity.

(b) Multi-purpose projects by regulating water flow helps to control floods.

(c) Multi-purpose projects lead to large scale displacements and loss of livelihood.

(d) Multi-purpose projects generate electricity for our industry and for our homes.

(iii) 

Here are some false statements.Identify the mistakes and rewrite them correctly.

(a) Multiplying urban centres with large and dense populations and urban lifestyles have helped in proper utilisation of water resources.

(b) Regulating and damaging of rivers does not affect the river's natural flow and its sediment flow.

(c) In Gujarat,the Sabarmati basin farmers were not agitated when higher priority was given to water supply in urban areas,particulary during droughts.

(d) Today in Rajasthan,the practice of rooftop rainwater water harvesting has gained popularity despite high water availability due to the Indira Gandhi canal.

ANSWER

(i)

 (a) Not suffering from water scarcity.

 (b) Not suffering from water scarcity

 (c) Suffering from water scarcity

 (d) Not suffering from water scarcity  

(ii) 

(c) Multi-purpose projects lead to large scale displacements and loss of livelihood.

(iii)

(a) Multiplying urban centers with large and dense populations and urban life style have caused the over exploitation of water resources.

(b) Regulating nd damming of rivers affects  the river's natural flow and its sediment flow.

(c) In Gujtat,the Sabarmati basin farmers were agitated when higher priority was given to water supply in urban areas,particulary during droughts.

(d) Today in Rajasthan,the practice of rooftop rainwater harvesting is on the decline due to the Rajasthan canal.

QUESTION NO 2

Answer th following questions in about 30 words.
(i)Explain how water becomes a renewable resources.
(ii) What is water scarcity and what are its main causes?
(iii) Compare the advantages and disadvantages of multi-purpose river projects.

ANSWER

(i)

There are two source of water- ground water (underground aquifers) and surface water (lakes, rivers, streams).These sources get renewed through the water cycle. That is how water keeps moving between atmosphere and the earth. This is known as hydrological cycle. So the circulation and conservation of e
arth's water is called the H2O are hydro logical cycle.

(ii)

Water scarcity occurs when availability of water is not enough to meet the requirement of water such as for drinking, irrigation, industrial and for domestic purpose.
         Water scarcity may be and outcome of large and growing population and consequent great demand of water, and unequal access to it.A country with the highest industrial demand which depends on large scale of irrigation will experience is scarcity of water.

(iii)

Advantage of multi-purpose river project-
   
They not only help in irrigation but also in electricity generation, water supply for domestic and industrial uses, flood control, recreation, inland navigation and fish breeding. For example the Hirakud project in the Mahanadi basin integrates conservation of water with flood control.

Disadvantage of Multi-purpose river project-
   

Regulating and damaging of rivers affect their natural flow causing poor  sediment flow and excessive sedimentation at the bottom of the reservoir, resulting in rockier  stream beds and poorer habitats for the river's aquatic life. It caused interstate water disputes with regard to sharing its cost and benefits. It also induced  earthquakes, caused water borne diseases and pests and pollution resulting from excessive use of water.

QUESTION NO 3

(i) Discuss how rain water harvesting in semi-arid regions of Rajasthan is carried out.
(ii) Describe how modern adoptations of traditional rainwater harvesting methods are being carried out to conserve and store water.

ANSWER

(i)

Rooftop rainwater harvesting was commonly practiced to store drinking water in Rajasthan. In arid and semi-arid regions, agricultural fields were converted into rain fed  storage structures that allow the water to stand and moisten the soil like the 'Khandas' in Jaisalmer and 'Johads' in other part of Rajasthan.
        In the semi- arid and arid regions of Rajasthan particularly in Bikaner,Phalodi and Barmer, almost all the houses traditionally have underground tanks or tankas for storing drinking water.
            The tanks are built inside the main house or the the courtyard.They are connected to the sloping roof of the houses through a pipe. Rain falling on the rooftop travels down through the pipe and is stored in the underground 'tankas'.
         In western Rajasthan, the practice of rooftop rainwater harvesting is on decline because of the Indira Gandhi Canal this canal  provides plenty of water. Despite this some houses is still maintain the 'tankas' since they do not like the taste of tap water.

(ii)       

Traditional methods of rainwater harvesting being carried out to conserve and store water are as follows--
1. Rooftop rainwater harvesting is the most common practice in Shillong, Meghalaya.Though Cherrapunji and Mawsynram situated at a distance of 55 km from shillong received the highest rainfall in the world,yet the  state Capitol Shillong face acute shortage of water. Nearly every household in the city had a rooftop rainwater harvesting structure.
2. Tamil Nadu is the first and the only state in India which has made rooftop rainwater harvesting structure compulsory to all the house  across the state. There are legal provisions to punish the defaulters.
3. In many parts of rural and urban India,rooftop  rainwater harvesting is being successfully  adopted to store and conserve water. In Gendathurn, a remote backward village in Mysore ,Karnataka, villagers have installed in their household rooftop rainwater harvesting system to meet their water needs.