NCERT SOLUTION CLASS 10 SOCIAL SCIENCE GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER 5 MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCES

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NCERT SOLUTION CLASS 10 SOCIAL SCIENCE (GEOGRAPHY) CHAPTER 5 MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCES

QUESTION NO 1

Multiple choice questions.
(i) Which one of the following minerals is formed by decomposition of rocks,leaving a residual mass of weathered materials?
(a) Coal        (b)Bauxite
(c) Gold        (d)Zinc

(ii) Koderma,in the Jharkhand is the leading producer of which of the followings minerals?

(a) Bauxite     (b) Mica
(c) Iron Ore    (d) Copper

(iii) Minerals are deposited and accumulated in the state of which of the following rocks?
(a) Sedimentary rocks
(b) Metamorphic rocks 
(c) Igneous rocks   
(d) None of these

(iv) Which one of the following minerals is contained in the Monazite sand?
(a) Oil            (b) Uranium
(c) Thorium  (d) Coal

ANSWER


 (i) ------(a)
(ii)------(b)
(iii)------(a)
(iv)----- (c)

QUESTION NO 2

Answer the following questions in about 30 words;
(i) Distinguish between ferrous and non-ferrous minerals.
(ii) What is a mineral?
(iii) How are minerals formed in igneous and metamorphic rocks?
(iv) Why do we need to conserve mineral resources?

ANSWER 

FERROUS MINERALS


 1. Ferrous minerals contain iron.
2. Ferrous provide a stronge base for the development of metallurgical industries.
Example--  Iron ore,Manganese

NON-FERROUS MINERALS

1. Non Ferrous minerals do not contain iron.
2. Non-Ferrous minerals play a vital role in a number of metallurgical and electrical industries.
Example- Copper,Bauxite, lead

 (ii) Mineral is homogeneous naturally, occurring substance with definable internal structure. They are formed by a combination of element. They are an essential part of our lives. Rocks are combination of homogenous substances called minerals. The hardest mineral is diamond and the softest is Talc. Minerals are usually found in ores.

 (iii) In igneous and metamorphic rocks,minerals may occur in the cracks,crevices,faults or joints.The smaller occurences are known as veins and the larger are known as lodes.In most cases,they are formed when minerals in liquid/molten and gaseous forms are forced upward through cavities towards the earths surface.They cool and solidifybas they rise.
Major metallic minerals like tin,copper,zinc and lead are obtained from veins and lobes.

 (iv) The total volume of workable minerals deposits is an insignificant fraction ie one per cent of the earth's crust. Minerals resources required millions of years to be created and concentrated.The geological processes of minerals formation are so slow that the rates of replenishment are infinitely small in comparison to the consumption.It is evident that if we utilise these mineral in same pace then due to non renewable it will be exausted and we cnnot do sustain development and also it wil not be available for future generation.

           A concerted effort has to be made in order to use our mineral resources in a planned and sustainable manner. Improved technology is need to be constantly evolved to allow use of low-grade ores at low cost. Recycling of metals, using scrap metals and other substitutes are steps in conserving our mineral resources for the future

QUESTION NO 3

Answer the following questions in about 120 words.

 (i) Describe the distribution of coal in India.
(ii) Why do you think that solar energy has a bright future in India?

ANSWER

(i)  Coal is an important fossil fuel of India. It is the most abundantly available fossil fuel. It provides about 80% of nations energy need. India is highly dependent on coal for meeting the commercial energy requirement. In Indiacoal occurs in rocks series of two men geological ages namely Gondwana ,a little over 200 million years in age and in tertiary deposits whicxh are only about 55 millions year old.The major resources of Gondwana coal which are metrological coal, are located in the Damodar Valley (West Bengal- Jharkhand) Jharia,Raniganj and Bokaro are important coalfields. Godavari, Mahanadi Son and Wardha Valley also contain coal deposit.                     Tertiary coals occur in the North eastern state of Meghalaya, Assam Arunachal Pradesh andNagaland.

 (ii) India is a tropical country. It has enormous possibilities of tapping solar energy. Photovoltailc technology convert sunlight directly into electricity. Solar energy is fast becoming popular in ruler and remote areas. Some big solar power plants are being established in different parts of India which will minimise the dependence of ruler households on firewood and dung cakes, which in turn will contribute to environmental conservation and adequate supply of manure in agriculture. Solar energy is a non- conventional source of energy and also eco friendly.














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