NCERT SOLUTION CLASS 10 SOCIAL SCIENCE (GEOGRAPHY) CHAPTER -6 MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES

NCERT SOLUTION CLASS 10 SOCIAL SCIENCE (GEOGRAPHY) CHAPTER -6 MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES

QUESTION NO 1

 Multiple choice questions.

(i) Which one of the following industries uses limestone as a raw material.

(a) Aluminium   (b) Cement    (c) Plastic     (d) Automobile

(ii) Which one of the following agencies markets steel for the public sector plants?

(a) HAIL   (b) SAIL (c) TATASteel (d) MNCC

(iii) Which one of the following industries uses bauxite as a raw material ?

(iv) Which one of the following industries manufactures telephones, computer,etc

(a) Steel     (b) Electronic  (c) Aluminium Smelting   (d) Information Technology

ANSWER

(i)-------(b)
(ii)------(b)
(iii)-----(a)
(iv)-----(b)

QUESTION NO 2    

     Answer the following briefly in not more than 30 words.

(i)  What is manufacturing?

(ii) Name any three physical factors for the location of the industry.

(iii) Name any three human factors for the location of an industry. 

(iv) What are basic industries? Give an example.

(v) Name the important raw materials used in the manufacturing of cement?

ANSWER

(i)

 Manufacturing means producing goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products. It help in transforming the raw materials into finished goods on a larger scale and thus helps in earning profit as finished goods are costlier than raw materials.

(ii)

Manufacturing activity tends to locate at the most appropriate place where all the factors of industrial location are either available are can be arranged at lower caste such as-
1. Availability of raw material.
2. Availability of cheap and sufficient power supply.
3. Availability of market.

(iii)

Three human factors for the location of an industry are-
1. Availability of cheap labour.
2. Availability of good transport facility.
3. Availability of services such as banking,insurance,consultants and financial advice ctc.

(iv)

Basic or key industries are those industries that supply their products or raw material to other industry to manufacure other goods. An example is the iron and steel industry which supplies steel to the automobile industry.

(v)

Cement industries use bulky and heavy raw materials like limestone, silica, Alumina and gypsum. Cement is used in construction activities such as building houses ,factories, Bridge, roads, airport dams and for other commercial establishments.

QUESTION NO 3

Write the answers of the following questions in 120 words.
(i) How are integrated steel plants diffirent from mini steel plants? What problems does the industry face? What recent developments have led to a rise in the production capacity?
(ii) How do industries pollute the environment?
(iii) Discuss the steps to be taken to minimise environmental degradation by indusrty?

ANSWER

(i)

Difference between integrated steel plants and mini steel plants-

INTEGRATED STEEL PLANT

1. These plants are large, handle everything in one complex from putting together a raw material to steel making ,rolling and shaping.
2. These plants fulfill local as well as International demands.
3. These plants require huge investment. 4.There are altogether 10 integrated Steel plants in India.

MINI STEEL PLANTS

1.These plants are smaller, have electric furnaces, use Steel scarp and sponge iron. They produce mild and alloy Steel of given specification.
2. These plants fulfill only the local demand.
3, These plants requires less investment. 4.There are more than 400 Mini Steel plants in India.
       
       Though,India is an important iron and steel producing country in the world  still it is unable to perform to its full potential due to the following problems -
1. High cast and limited availability of cooking coal.
2. Lower productivity of labour.
3. Irregular supply of energy.
4. Poor infrastructure.
           Liberalization and foreign direct investment have given a boost to the industry with the efforts of private entreprewneurs.

(ii)

The rapid growth in industries has led to considerable economic growth but it has also lead to increase in pollution of land, water, air, noise eventually resulting in degradation of environment. Industries are responsible for five types of pollution.

 1.AIR POLLUTION-

           Presence of high proportion of undesirable gases such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide in the air is very dangerous.Smoke is emitted by chemical and paper factories, bricks kilns, refineries and smelting plants and burning of fossil fuels in big and small factories that ignore pollution norms.
It is adversely affect human health, animal, plant and the atmosphere as a whole.

2. WATER POLLUTION-     

       Organic and inorganic industrial wastes and affluent are discharged into rivers. They make the river water polluted. The main Industries that are responsible for it includes paper, pulp, chemical, textile,   petroleum, refinery and electroplating industries that let out dyes, detergents, acid salt, and heavy metal like lead and mercury  into the water bodies.

3.THERMAL POLLUTION-

   Thermal pollution occurs when hot water from factories and thermal plant is drained into rivers and ponds before cooling.

4.LAND POLLUTION-

       Dumping of wastage specially glass, harmful Chemicals ,Industrial effluents, packaging, salt and garbage makes the land unfertile. Rainwater takes the pollutants deep to the ground thus contaminating the ground water.

5.NOISE POLLUTION-

    Industrial and construction activities,machinery, factory, equipments, generator, electric drills, etc cause a lot of noise pollution. Noise pollution causes irritation and anger. It can also cause hearing impairment, increased heartbeat and blood pressure.

(iii)

   Environmental degradation can be controlled by adopting the following steps-
1.  Water should be reused and recycled to minimise the use of water.
2. Rain water should be harvested to meet water requirements.
3. Use of oil or gas should be made instead of coal in factories to reduce smoke.
4. Generators should be fitted with silencer to reduce noise pollution.
5. Noise absorbing material may be used apart from personal use of ear plugs and earphone to reduce the noise pollution.
6. Hot water and effluent should be treated before releasing them in river and ponds.
7. Overdrawing of groundwater reserve by industry where there is threat to groundwater resources also need to be regulated legally.