NCERT SOLUTION CLASS 1O CHAPTER 4 AGRICULTURE
NCERT SOLUTION CLASS 10 SOCIAL SCIENCE(GEOGRAPHY) CHAPTER 4 AGRICULTURE
QUESTION NO 1
Multiple choice question.
(i) Which one of the following describes a system of agriculture where a single crop is grown on a large area?
(a) Shifting agriculture
(b) Plantation Agriculture
(c) Horticulture
(d) Intensive Agriculture
(ii) Which one of the following is a rabi crop?
(a) Rice (b) Gram
(c) Millets (d) Cotton
(iii) Which one of the following is a leguminous crop?
(a) Pulses (b) Jawar
(c) Millets (d) Sesamum
(iv) Which one of the following is announced by the government in support of a crop ?
(a) Maximum support price
(b) Minimum support price
(c) Moderate support price
(d) Influencial support price
ANSWER
(i) ------ (b)
(ii)--------(b)
(iii)-------(a)
(iv)-------(b)
QUESTION NO 2
Answer the following questions in 30 words.
(i) Name one important beverage crop and specify the geographical conditions required for its growth.
(ii) Name one staple crop of India and the regions where it is produced.
(iii) Enlist the various institutional reforms programmes introduced by the government in the interest of farmers.
(iv) The land under cultivation has got reduced day by day .Can you imagine its consquences?
ANSWER
(i) Tea is an important beverage crop. Geographical condition required for its growth are as follow -
1.It grows well in tropical and subtropical climates.
2. It needs Deep and fertile well-drained soil, rich in humus and organic matter.
3. Tea bushes require warm and moist frost-free climate throughout the year.
4. Frequent showers evenly distributed over the ear ensure continuous growth of tender leaves.
(ii) Rice is the staple food crop for a majority of the people in India. India is the second largest producer of rice in the world after China. Rice is grown in the plains of north and North- Eastern India, coastal areas and the deltaic regions. Development of dense network of Canal irrigation and tube well have made it possible to grow rice in the area of less rainfall such as Punjab Haryana, and western Uttar Pradesh and some parts of Rajasthan.
(iii) The following the institutional reforms introduced by the government for the benefit of the farmers-
1. Landholding were consolidated. Fragmented lands due to inheritance were again consolidated into single unit to increase in its economic validity.
2. The abolition of zamindari system was a boon for the farmers who were relieved from the exploitation of the landlords.
3. Government made provision for Crop Insurance against drought, flood, fire, cyclone and plant disease. Gramin Bank, co-operative societies and banks were established for providing loan to the farmers at low rate of interest.
4. Kisan credit card was introduced for easy purchase of Agricultural inputs. Personal accident insurance was introduced for the benefit of the farmers.
5.Special weather bulletins and agricultural programs for farmers were introduced on the radio and television.
6. The minimum support price for important crops are introduced to check the exploitation of farmers by speculators and middlemen.
(iv) Land under cultivation is reducing day to day due to this the following consequences may happen-
1.
Less land under cultivation would reduce the quantity of food crop. The available quantity would not meet the requirement and would cause food insecurity in the country.
2.
If land under cultivation is less, farmers will use more and more chemical fertilizers and biotechnology in order to get maximum production. This will degrade the quality of the land. Degration of land will cause serious problem fo further production.
QUESTION NO 3
Answer the following questions in abot 120 words.
(i) Suggest the initiative taken by the government to ensure the increase in agricultural production.
(ii) Describe the impact of globalisation on Indian agriculture.
(iii) Describe the geographical conditions required for the growth of rice.
ANSWER
(i)
Considering the importance of agriculture in India the Government of India made concerted efforts to modernize agriculture. These includes -
1.Establishment of Indian Council of Agricultural Research(ICAR)
2. Establishment of Agricultural universities.
3. Establishment of veterinary services and animal breeding centres.
4. Development of horticulture.
5.
Research and development work done in the field of Metrology and weather forecast. 6.The rural infrastructure was improved.
7. In 1960s and 1970s most important reforms were introduced. The Green Revolution and related technologies were introduced such as use of high yielding variety of seeds, fertilizers ,modern machinery and inputs. The White Revolution (Operation Flood) was introduced to increase milk production. 8.Provision for Crop Insurance against drought, flood ,cyclone ,fire and disease.
(ii) The term globalisation is not a new term associated with Indian agriculture.It was practiced at the time of colonization. In nineteenth century, European traders came to India and exported Indian spices to different parts of the world. Event today these are being exported in Good quantity. Despite being a chief producer of rice,cotton, rubber, tea ,Cofee, Jute and Spices our Agricultural products are not in a state to compete with the developed countries because of high subsidised agriculture in those countries. A few economics think that Indian farmers have a dark future if they continue the same cropping pattern. Indian farmers need to diversify their cropping pattern from cereals to high value crops. This will increase income and reduce environmental degradation simultaneously. India's diverse climate can be harnessed to grow a wide range of high-value crops.
(iii)
(ii) The term globalisation is not a new term associated with Indian agriculture.It was practiced at the time of colonization. In nineteenth century, European traders came to India and exported Indian spices to different parts of the world. Event today these are being exported in Good quantity. Despite being a chief producer of rice,cotton, rubber, tea ,Cofee, Jute and Spices our Agricultural products are not in a state to compete with the developed countries because of high subsidised agriculture in those countries. A few economics think that Indian farmers have a dark future if they continue the same cropping pattern. Indian farmers need to diversify their cropping pattern from cereals to high value crops. This will increase income and reduce environmental degradation simultaneously. India's diverse climate can be harnessed to grow a wide range of high-value crops.
(iii)
Rice is the staple food crop of majority of the people in India. Our country is the second largest producer of rice in the world after China. It is a kharif crop. The geographical condition required for the growth of rice are-
1. It requires high temperature above 25 degrees centigrade.
2. It require high humidity with annual rainfall above 100cm.
3. In the area of less rainfall it grows with the help of irrigation like due to the availability of canal irrigation and tubewellsin less rainfall area such as Punjab, Haryana,wesrern Uttarpradesh and some parts of Rajasthan rice is grown.. It is grown.
4. It is grown in the plains of north and North-eastern India, coastal areas and the deltaic regions.
1. It requires high temperature above 25 degrees centigrade.
2. It require high humidity with annual rainfall above 100cm.
3. In the area of less rainfall it grows with the help of irrigation like due to the availability of canal irrigation and tubewellsin less rainfall area such as Punjab, Haryana,wesrern Uttarpradesh and some parts of Rajasthan rice is grown.. It is grown.
4. It is grown in the plains of north and North-eastern India, coastal areas and the deltaic regions.
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