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SOCIAL SCIENCE CLASS - 8

HISTORY

CHAPTER - 2

FROM TRADE TO TERRITORY

THE COMPANY ESTABLISHES POWER

Question no. 1

Match the followings :

Diwani                      Tipu Sultan
Tiger of Mysore      Right to collect land revenue
Faujdari Adalat       Sepoy
Rani Channamma  Criminal court
Sipahi                        Let an anti - British movement
                                   in Kitoor

Answer no. 1

Diwani - Right to collect land revenue
Tiger of Mysore - Tipu Sultan
Faujdari Adalat - Criminal court
Rani Channamma - Led an anti - British movement
Sipahi - Sepoy

Question no. 2

Fill in the blanks :
(a) The British conquest of Bengal began with the Battle of …………
(b) Haider All and Tipu Sultan were the rulers of …………..
(c) Dalhousie implemented the Doctrine of ……………
(d) Maratha kingdoms were located mainly in the part of …………… India.

Answer no. 2

(a)  Plassey
(b)  Mysore
(c)  Lapes
(d)  South western

Question no. 3

State whether true or false :
(a) The Mughal empire became stronger in the eighteenth century.
(b) The English East India Company was the only European company that traded with India.
(c) Maharaja Ranjit Singh was the ruler of Punjab.
(d) The British did not introduce administrative changes in the territories they conquered.

Answer no. 3

(a) False
(b) False
(c) True
(d) False

Question no. 4

What attracted European trading companies to India ?

Answer no. 4

The fine qualities of cotton and silk produced in India and pepper, clove, cardamon, cinnamon had a big market for Europe.

Question no. 5

What were the areas of conflict between the Bengal nawabs and the East India Company ?

Answer no. 5

The following were the areas of conflict between the Bengal nawabs and the East India Company :
1. The Bengal nawabs asserted their power and autonomy and refused to grant the company concessions.
2. They demanded large tributes for the company's right to trade.
3. They denied the company any right to mint coins.
4.  They stopped the company from extending its fortification.
5. Accusing the company of deceit, they claimed that the company was depriving the Bengal government of huge amount of revenue and undermining the authority of nawab.
6. They refuse to pay taxes, writing disrespectful letters, and trying to humiliate the nawab and his his official.

Question no. 6

How did the assumption of Diwani benefit the East India Company ?

Answer no. 6

The mugal emperor in 1765, appointed the company's the Diwani of the provinces of Bengal. The Diwani allowed the company to use the vast revenue resources of Bengal. This  solved a major problem that the company had earlier faced. The trade with India expanded and the company had to buy most of the goods in India with gold and silver imported from Britain. The outflow of gold from Britain slowed after the battle of Plassey and entirely stopped after the assumption of Diwani.

Question no. 7

Explain the system of 'subsidiary alliance'

Answer no. 7

Subsidiary alliance
Under the system of 'subsidiary alliance' Indian rules were not allowed to have their independent armed forces. They were to be protected by company, but they had to pay for the subsidiary forces that the company was supposed to maintain for the purpose of this protection. If the Indian rules failed to make the payment, the part of their territory was taken away by company as penalty. the states which had to lose their territories on this ground were Awadh and Hyderabad.

Question no. 8

In what way was the administration of the Company different from Indian rules?

Answer no. 8

The administration of the Company was different from Indian rules in the following ways -

  1.  The company divided its administration unites called presidencies. There were three presidencies - Bengal, Madras and Bombay. In India, districts were the main administration units.
  2.  Each presidencies was ruled by a Governor. Districts were ruled by the collectors.
  3. The supreme head of the administration of the company was the Governor General. But in India, the head of the administration was the king.
  4.  The main job of the Governor - General was to introduce administration reforms while the main job of collector was to collect the revenue and taxes and maintaining law and order in their respective district.

Question no. 9

Describe the changes that occurred in the composition of the Company's army.

Answer no. 9

Several changes occurred in the composition of the company's army such as :

  1. Due to the expansion of the company it began recruitment for its own army, which is known as the sepoy army.
  2. As the warfare technology changed from 1820s the cavalry recruitment of the company's army declined.
  3. The soldiers of the company's army had to keep pace with changing military requirements and its infantry regiments became more important.
  4. In the early nineteenth century the British began to develop a uniform military culture. Soldiers were increasingly subjected to Europe style training, drill and discipline that regulated their life for more than before.

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