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SOCIAL SCIENCE CLASS - 8

HISTORY CHAPTER - 4

TRIBAL, DIKUS AND THE VISION OF

A GOLDEN AGE

Question no. 1
Fill in the blanks:

(a) The British described the tribal people as …………………

(b) The method of sowing seeds in jhum cultivation is known as ……………..

(c) The tribal chiefs got …………. titles in central India under the British land settlements.

(d) Tribals went to work in the of Assam and the ……………… in Bihar.

Answer no. 1


(a) savage

(b) broadcast

(c) land

(d) tea plantation, coal mines

Question no. 2


State whether true or false:
(a) Jhum cultivators plough the land and sow seeds.
(b) Cocoons were bought from the Santhals and sold by the traders at five times the purchase price.
(c) Birsa urged his followers to purify themselves, give up drinking liquor and stop believing in witchcraft and sorcery.

(d) The British wanted to preserve the tribal way of life.

Answer no. 2

(a) False
(b) True
(c) True
(d) False

Question no. 3

What problems did shifting cultivators face under British rule?

Answer no. 3

The life of shifting cultivators was directly connected to the forest. When the
British brought changes in forest laws, the life of shifting cultivators was badly affected. The British extended their control over all forests and declared that forests were state property. Some forests were classified as reserved forests for they produced timber which the British wanted. In these resevered  forests people were not allowed to move freely and practise jhum cultivations. Because of these restriction many jhum cultivators had to move to other areas in search of work.

Question no. 4


How did the powers of tribal chiefs change under colonial rule?

Answer no. 4

Before the colonial rule the tribal chiefs were important people. They enjoyed a certain amount of economic power and had the right to administer and controle their their territories. Under the British rule the function and power of these tribal cheifs changed to a large extend, such as :
(a) Before colonial rule they were allowed to keep their land titles over a cluster of villages and and rent out lands, but under colonial rule they lost much of their administrative power and forced to follow rules made by British officials. 
(b)Under colonial rule they had to pay tributes to the British and discipline the tribal group on behalf of British.
(c)Under the colonial rule they lost the authority they had earlier enjoyed among their people and were unable to fulfil their traditional function.

Question no. 5


What accounts for the anger of the tribals against the dikus?

Answer no. 5

The tribals wanted to drive out the dikus such as missionaries, moneylenders, Hindu

landlords, and the government because they saw them as the cause of their misery. The following were reason for their anger against the dikus:

(i) The land policies of the British were destroying their traditional land system.

(ii) Hindu landlords and moneylenders were taking over their land.

(iii) Missionaries were criticising their traditional culture.


Question no. 6


What was Birsa’s vision of a golden age? Why do you think such a vision appealed region?

Answer no. 6

      Birsa was deeply influenced by many of the ideas he came in touch within his

growing-up years. The aim of his movement was reform the tribal society. He urged the Munda to give up drinking liquor, clean their village, and stop believing in witchcraft and sorcery. He often remembered the golden past of the Mundas, when they lived a good life, constructed embankments, tapped natural springs, planted trees and orchards, practised cultivation to earn their living. They did not kill their brethren and relatives. They lived honestly, Birsa was trying to restore this glorious past. Withs uch a vision he appealed to the people of the region because they were very much eager to lead a free life. They were furious with the colonial forest laws and the restrictions that were imposed on them.

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